MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE

Sorting Abies names



Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) :

 


 Abies Mill.
AFRIKAANS :  Denneboom.
ARABIC :  شوح   Shûhh , تنوب    Tannûb
ARMENIAN :  եղեւնի , տոնածառ.
BENGALI :  দওদার    needs testing
BOSNIAN :  Jela, Jelka.
BULGARIAN :  Eла
CHINESE :  冷杉   Lěng shān, 杉 树  Shan shu.
CROATIAN :  Jela
CZECH :  Jedle
DANISH :  Ædelgran
DUTCH :  Pijnboom, Spar
ENGLISH :  Fir
ESTONIAN :  Nulg
FINNISH :   Pihta
FRENCH :  Sapin
GERMAN :  Tanne, Tannenbaum
GREEK :  ἐλάτη , έλατο.
HEBREW :  אשוח    , Oren , ברוש  Berosh
HINDI :  पलूदर , देवदार   need testing
HUNGARIAN :   Fenyő , Jegenyefenyő   
ICELANDIC :  þinur
ITALIAN :  Abete
JAPANESE :  モミ  Momi, もみ Momi, 樅 Momi
KOREAN :  전나무  Jeon na mu.
NORWEGIAN :  Edelgran.
PERSIAN :  آبیس 
POLISH :  Jodła
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto
RUSSIAN :  ель ,   Пихта  Pikhta
SANSKRIT :  देवदारु   needs testing
SERBIAN :  јела   Jela
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa
SLOVENIAN :  Jelka
SPANISH :  Abeto, Pinabete
SWEDISH :  Ädelgranar, Gran
TURKISH :  Köknar
UKRAINIAN :  ялиця ?  ялина ?  needs testing


Abies alba Mill.
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies nobilis A. Dietr., Abies pectinata (Lam.) DC. , Abies picea (L.) Bluff & Fingerh., Abies picea Lindl., Pinus abies Du Roi, Pinus picea L., Pinus pectinata Lam.
ARABIC :  تنوب مشطي     Tannûb mishtî (as A. pectinata - Egypt), تنوب پسيه     Tannûb pisyah  (as A. picea - Egypt), تنوب صنوري    Tannûb senôbarî  (as A. picea - Egypt),  شوح أبيض  , شوح تنوبي  (as A. picea),   شوح عيد الميلاد (as A. picea),
BOSNIAN :  Obična jela.
BULGARIAN :  Бяла ела  Biala ela, Гребеновидна ела  Grebenovidna ela, Сребриста ела  Srebrista ela.
CHINESE :  欧 洲冷杉   Ou zhou leng shan.
CROATIAN :  Obična jela, Vita jela, Vitka jela, Jela, Ela, Jelva, Jelić, Jelovina, Prava borika, Pruca, Smrok, Frenja, Cmrek, Cmrok, Čamić. all these names need checking  
CZECH :   Jedle bělokorá.
DANISH :  Almindelig ædelgran, Ædelgran.
DUTCH :  Gewone zilverspar, Zilverspar.
ENGLISH :  Christmas tree,  Common silver fir, European silver fir, Silver fir, White fir.
ESTONIAN :  Euroopa nulg, Valge nulg.
FINNISH : Eurooppalainen Jalokuusi, Saksankuusi, Saksan jalokuusi.
FRENCH :  Sapin argenté, Sapin blanc, Sapin commun, Sapin de Lorraine, Sapin de Normandie, Sapin des Vosges, Sapin pectiné.
GERMAN :   Edeltanne, Edel-Tanne, Silbertanne, Weißtanne.
GREEK :  Λευκή ελάτη.
HINDI :  एबीस अलबा
HUNGARIAN :   Jegenyefenyő, Közönséges jegenyefenyő, Lucfenyő.
ICELANDIC :  Evrópuþinur.
ITALIAN :  Abete argentato, Abete bianco, Abete commune, Abete vero.
JAPANESE :   シロモミ  Shiro momi, ヨーロッパ モミ  Yooroppa momi.
KOREAN :  전나무  Jeon na mu.
NORWEGIAN :  Vanleg edelgran, Vanlig edelgran.
PERSIAN :  آبیس آلبا
POLISH :  Jodła pospolita.
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-branco, Abeto-comum, Abeto-pectinado.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта белая  Pikhta belaia, Пихта европейская Pikhta evropejskaia.
SERBIAN : Borika, Vita jela, Jela, Jelika, Čam.
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa biela.
SLOVENIAN : Bela jelka, Jala, Jalva, Jevca, Jedla, Jedlovka, Jel, Jelka, Jelka bela, Jelka navadna, Jelkovc, Navadna jelka, Smreka, Fojka, For, Hvoja, Hoja, Hojka, Črna hvoja, Črna hoja, Črna hojka.     all these names need checking  
SPANISH :  Abeto blanco, Abeto común, Avet.
SWEDISH :  Europeisk ädelgran, Silvergran, Vanlig ädelgran.
TURKISH :   Avrupa Göknarı, Orta Avrupa göknarı.

 

Abies alba Mill. f. pendula (Carrière) Rehder


Abies alba Mill. f. pyramidalis (Carrière) Voss

 

Abies amabilis Douglas ex J. Forbes
SYNONYM(S) :   Pinus amabilis Douglas
ARABIC :  تنوب مستحب , Tannûb el gamîl (Egypt)  تنوب اجاه  يل .
CHINESE :  温哥华冷杉
DANISH :  Purpurædelgran.
ENGLISH :  Amabilis fir, California red fir, Cascade fir, Lovely fir, Pacific silver fir.
ESTONIAN :  Õilis nulg.
FINNISH :  Purppurapihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin des Cascades, Sapin du Pacifique, Sapin gracieux, Sapin rouge, Sapin rouge de Californie.
GERMAN :  Purpurtanne, Purpur-Tanne, Pazifische Tanne.
HINDI :  एबीस अमाबिलिस .
HUNGARIAN :  Szitka jegenyefenyő.
ICELANDIC :  Silfurþinur.
JAPANESE :  アビエス   アマビリス   Abiesu amabirisu. 
PERSIAN :  آبیس آمابیلیس
POLISH :  Jodła wonna.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта миловидная
SERBIAN: Srebrna jela.
TURKISH :  Pasifik gümüş göknarı.

 

Abies apollinis Link.
SYNONYM(S) : Abies cephalonica Loud. subsp ap. Hal.
SERBIAN : Grčka jela. 


This looks like a synonym of Abies cephalonica.


Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies balsamea (L) Mill. f. nana (J. Nelson) Beissn., Abies balsamea (L) Mill. f. phanerolepis (Fernald) Rehder, Abies balsamea (L) Mill. var. phanerolepis Fernald,  Abies x phanerolepis (Fernald) Tang S. Liu  , Pinus balsamea L.
ARABIC :  شوح بلسمي  , تنوب بلسمي
CHINESE :  香脂冷杉  Xiang zhi leng shan.
CZECH :  Jedle balzámová.
DANISH :  Balsamædelgran.
DUTCH :  Balsemspar, Canadabalsem.
ENGLISH :  Balm of Gilead, Balsam fir, Canada balsam fir, Canaan fir, Canaan Valley fir, Eastern fir, North American balsam fir. 
ESTONIAN :   Palsaminulg, Värdnulg  (as var. phanerolepis). 
FRENCH :  Baumier du Canada, Sapin balsamier, Sapin baumier, Sapin de Gilead.
GERMAN : Balsamtanne, Balsam-Tanne.
HINDI :  एबीस बालसामिया .
HUNGARIAN :  Balzsam-jegenyefenyő, Balzsamfenyö.
ICELANDIC :  Balsamþinur.
JAPANESE :   カナダバルサム , バルサムモミ
KOREAN :  발삼전나무
NORWEGIAN :  Balsamedelgran, Balsamgran.
PERSIAN :  آبیس بالسامئا
POLISH :  Jodła balsamiczna.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта бальзамическая  Pikhta bal'zamicheskaia.
SERBIAN: Srebrna jela.
SWEDISH :  Balsamgran.
TURKISH :  Balsam göknarı, Brakteli balsam göknarı (as var. phanerolepis).

Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. var. balsamea


Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. var. phanerolepis Fernald
GERMAN : 
NORWEGIAN : Canaangran.



Abies beshanzuensis M. H. Wu
SYNONYM(S) : Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib. var. beshanzuensis (M.H. Wu) Silba
CHINESE :   百山祖冷杉   Bai shan zu leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Baishan fir, Baishanzu fir, Mt Baishan-zu fir.
HUNGARIAN :  Baisanzui jegenyefenyő.

Abies beshanzuensis M. H. Wu  var. beshanzuensis
CHINESE :   百山祖冷杉     Bai shan zu leng shan.
 

Abies beshanzuensis M. H. Wu  var. ziyuanensis (L. K. Fu & S. L. Mo) L. K. Fu & Nan Li
 SYNONYM(S) :  Abies dayuanensis Q. X. Liu, Abies fabri (Mast. ) Craib. var. ziyuanensis (L. K. Fu & S. L. Mo) Silba, Abies ziyuanensis L. K. Fu & S. L. Mo
CHINESE :   资源冷杉  Zi yuan leng shan

Abies bifolia A. Murray
 ENGLISH :  Rocky Mountains subalpine fir.
ESTONIAN :  Kaljumägede nulg.
TURKISH :  Kayalık Dağı göknarı.

A synonym of Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. ?

Abies borisii-regis Mattf. 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies alba Mill. var. acutifolia Turrill, Abies alba Mill. subsp. acutifolia (Turrill) Fukarek.
ARABIC :  شوح بورييسي ريجيس
BULGARIAN :  Българска ела Bulgarska ela, Цар-Борисова ела Tsar Borisova ela, Царь Борисова ела  Tsar Borisova ela.
CHINESE :  保 加利亚冷杉
ENGLISH :  Bulgarian fir, King Boris fir, Macedonian fir.
ESTONIAN :  Bulgaaria nulg.
FRENCH :   Sapin de Bulgarie, Sapin de Macédoine, Sapin du Roi Boris.
GERMAN :  Bulgarische Tanne, König-Boris Tanne.
GREEK :  Ελάτη υβριδογενής, Υβριδογενής ελάτη .
HUNGARIAN :  Makedon jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  バルカンア イモミ
SWEDISH :  Kung Boris gran.
TURKISH :  Bulgaristan göknarı.

 

Abies bracteata (D. Don) Poit.
 SYNONYM(S) : Abies venusta (Douglas) K. Koch , Pinus bracteata D. Don, Pinus venusta Douglas
CHINESE :  硬苞冷杉   Ying bao leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Bristlecone fir, Bristly-coned fir.
ESTONIAN :  Kalifornia nulg, Pikasoomuseline nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin à bractées, Sapin à cônes hérissés, Sapin de Santa Lucia.
GERMAN :  Grannen-Tanne, Santa-Lucia-Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Santa Lucia-hegységi jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта калифорнийская Pikhta kalifornijskaia, Пихта красивая  Pikhta krasivaia, Пихта прицветниковая Pikhta pritsvetnikovaia.
TURKISH :  Santa Lucia göknarı.
 


Abies cephalonica Loudon
ARABIC :         تنوب  رومي  Tannûb rûmî (Egypt),  شوح سيفالوني
BOSNIAN : Grčka jela.
CHINESE :  希腊冷杉  Xi la leng shan, 塞法罗尼亚冷杉
CROATIAN :  Grčka jela.
CZECH :  Jedle kefalonská, Jedle řecká.
DANISH :  Græsk Ædelgran.
ENGLISH :  Apollo fir, Grecian fir, Greek fir.
ESTONIAN :  Kreeka nulg.
FINNISH :  Kreikanpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Céphalonie, Sapin de Grèce. 
GERMAN :   Apollotanne, Griechische Tanne, Kefalonische Tanne.
GREEK :  Ελάτη Κεφαλληνιακή,  Έλατο της Κεφαλονιάς,  Κεφαλονίτικα έλατα Kefalonitika elata, Κεφαλληνιακή ελάτη ,  Κεφαλλονίτικο έλατο.
HINDI :  यूनानी पलूदर , एबीस सिफैलोनिका .
HUNGARIAN :  Görög jegenyefenyő.
ICELANDIC :  Grikkjaþinur.
ITALIAN :  Abete de Cefalonia, Abete greco.
JAPANESE :  ギリシャモミ
NORWEGIAN : Gresk gran.
PERSIAN :  آبیس سفالونیکا
POLISH :  Jodła grecka.
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-da-Grécia.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта кефалинийская Pikhta kefalinijskaia, Пихта кефалонская  Pikhta kefalonskaia.
SERBIAN :  Grčka jela.
SLOVAKIAN :   Jedľa grécka.
SLOVENIAN :  Jelka grška.
SPANISH :  Abeto griego.
TURKISH :  Yunanistan göknarı.
 

Abies chayuensis W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu
SYNONYM(S) :    Abies forrestii Coltman-Rogers var. chayuensis (W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu) Silba
CHINESE :   察隅冷杉 Cha yu leng sha.



Abies chengii Rushforth
SYNONYM(S) :    Abies forrestii Coltman-Rogers var. chengii (Rushf.) Silba
ENGLISH :  Cheng's fir.


Abies chensiensis Van Tiegh. 
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies firma Masters,  Abies shensiensis Pritzel
CHINESE :   秦岭冷 杉  Qin ling leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Shensi fir .
ESTONIAN :  Hiina nulg 
FRENCH :  Sapin du Shaanxi.
HUNGARIAN :  Senszi jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  センセイモミ


Abies chensiensis Van Tiegh. subsp. salouenensis (Bord.-Rey & Gaussen) Rushforth
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies ernestii Rehder var. salouenensis (Bord.-Rey & Gaussen) Cheng & Fu, Abies recurvata Mast. var. salouenensis (Bord.-Rey & Gaussen) CT. Kuan, Abies salouenensis Bord.-Rey & Gaussen  
ENGLISH :  Salween fir.
JAPANESE :  サルウィンモミ, センセイモミ



Abies chensiensis Van Tiegh. subsp. yulongxueshanensis Rushforth
Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière
SYNONYM(S) :  Pinus cilicica Antoine & Kotschy
ARABIC :    شوح  Shûhh (Egypt, Lebanon), تنوب اناضو لي   Tannûb Anâdolî (Egypt) .
CHINESE :  西裡西亚冷杉  Xi li xi ya leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Cilician fir.
ESTONIAN :  Kiliikia nulg.
GERMAN :   Cilicische Tanne, Kilikische Tanne, Zilizische Tanne.
FRENCH :  Sapin de la Cilicie, Sapin d'Asie mineure, Sapin d'Asie.
HEBREW :      ברוש   Berosh, Berot.
HUNGARIAN :  Kilikiai jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN :  Abete cilicico, Abete della Cilicia.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта киликийская  Pikhta kilikijskaia.
TURKISH :  Toros göknarı.

 

Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.
 SYNONYM(S) : Abies concolor f. violacea (A. Murray) Beissn., Abies concolor f. wattezii (Beissn.) Rehder, Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. var. concolor A. Murray, Picea concolor Gordon , Pinus concolor (Gordon) Parl.
ARABIC :  شوح متساوي الألوان Shuhh .....,  التنو   Altno, تنوب ابيض    Tannûb abyad (Egypt)
BULGARIAN :   Ела сребриста.
CHINESE :  科罗拉多冷杉
CZECH :  Jedle ojíněná, Jedle stejnobarvá.
ENGLISH :  Colorado fir, Colorado white fir, Silver fir, White fir.
ESTONIAN :  Hall nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin blanc du Colorado.
GERMAN :  Grautanne.
GREEK :   Έλατο Κολοράντο,  Έλατο του Κολοράντο.
HINDI :  एबीस काँनकलर .
HUNGARIAN :  Kolorádófenyő, Kolorádó fenyő.
JAPANESE :  コロラドモ ミ
KOREAN :  콜로라도전나무
PERSIAN :  آبیس کونکولور
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-concolor.
SLOVENIAN :  Jelka koloradska.
SPANISH :  Pino real blanco.
TURKISH :  Gümüş göknarı.

 

Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. var. lowiana (Gordon) Lemmon
SYNONYM(S) : Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. subsp. lowiana (Gordon) E. Murray, Abies lowiana (Gordon) A. Murray, Picea lowiana Gordon
ENGLISH :  California white fir, Sierra white fir.
NORWEGIAN :  Oregongran.


Abies delavayi Franch.
CHINESE :  苍 山冷杉  Cang shan leng shan,  蒼 山冷杉  Cang shan leng shan,  冷 杉果 Leng shan guo (Medicinal name),  唐 则 (Tibet), 塔 杉.
ENGLISH :  Delavay's fir.
ESTONIAN :  Delavay nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Delavay, Sapin du Yunnan.
GERMAN :  Delavays Tanne, Delavay-Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Göngyölttűs delavay-jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Делавэя  Pikhta Delaveia.

Abies delavayi Franch. var. motuoensis W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu
CHINESE :   墨脱冷杉  Mo tuo leng shan.

Abies delavayi Franch. var. nukiangensis (Cheng & Fu) Farjon & Silba 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies nukiangensis W.C. Cheng et L.K. Fu
CHINESE :  怒江冷杉    Nu jiang leng shan.
 
Abies densa Griff.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach var. densa (Griffith) Silba
CHINESE :  锡金冷杉  Xi jin leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Bhutan Fir, Sikkim fir.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта густая



Abies durangensis Martínez
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies neodurangensis Debreczy, Ràcz & Salazar
CHINESE :  杜兰冷 杉  Du lan leng shan.
ENGLISH : Durango fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Durango.
HUNGARIAN :  Durangói jegenyefenyő.
TURKISH :  Durango göknarı.


Abies durangensis Martínez  var. coahuilensis (I.M. Johnst.) Mart.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies coahuilensis I.M. Johnst.
ENGLISH :  Coahuila fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Coahuila.
TURKISH :  Coahuila göknarı.


Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies delavayi Franch. var. fabri (Mast.) D. R. Hunt,  Keteleeria fabri Mast.
CHINESE :  冷杉       Leng shan .
HUNGARIAN :    Omei-hegyi jegenyefenyő.



Abies fanjingshanensis W. L. Huang et al.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies fargesii Franchet var. fanjingshanensis (W. L. Huang & al.) Silba
CHINESE :   梵净山冷杉   Fan jing leng shan.
HUNGARIAN :  Fancsing-hegyi jegenyefenyő.


Abies fargesii Franch.
CHINESE :  巴山冷杉  Ba shan leng shan.
ESTONIAN :  Farges'i nulg. 
HUNGARIAN :    Közép-kínai kék tobozú jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Фаргеза  Pikhta Fargeza, Пихта Фаржа Pikhta Farzha.
Abies fargesii Franch. var. fargesii 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies fargesii Franch. var. hupehensis Silba, Abies fargesii Franch. var. tieghemii Bordères & Gaussen

Abies fargesii Franch. var. faxoniana (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Tang S. Liu
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies delavayi Franch. var. faxoniana (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) A. B. Jackson,  Abies fabri (Masters) Craib subsp. minensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Rushforth,  Abies fabri var. minensis (Bordères & Gaussen) Silba, Abies faxoniana Rehder & E. H. Wilson, Abies minensis Bordères & Gaussen
CHINESE :  岷江冷杉  Min jiang leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Faxon's fir.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Факсона  Pikhta Faksona.


Abies fargesii Franch. var. sutchuenensis Franch.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies kansouensis Bordères & Gaussen, Abies sutchuenensis (Franch.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson


Abies ferreana Bordères & Gaussen
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog.  var. ferreana (Bord. et Gauss.) Farjon et Silba
CHINESE :  Zhong dian leng shan.

Abies firma Siebold et Zucc. 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies momi Siebold
ARABIC :  شوح صلب
CHINESE : 日本冷杉   Ri ben leng shan (Taiwan).
DANISH :  Japansk ædelgran.
ENGLISH :  Japanese fir, Momi fir.
ESTONIAN :  Momi nulg. 
FRENCH :  Sapin du Japon, Sapin momi.
GERMAN :  Momi-Tanne.
HINDI :  एबीसफिरमा .
HUNGARIAN :  Momi jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  モミ  Momi,  ニホンモミ Nihon momi,  針葉樹.
KOREAN :  일본전나무.
PERSIAN :  آبیس فیرما
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-do-Japão.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта японская Pikhta iaponskaia, Пихта сильная Pikhta, Пихта твёрдая Pikhta tverdaia.
 

Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies chengii Rushforth,  Abies delavayi Franch. var. forrestii (Coltm.-Rog.) A. B. Jackson, Abies delavayi Franch. var. smithii (Viguié et Gaussen) Liu p.p., Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog.  var. chengii (Rushf.) Silba., Abies forrestii Craib
CHINESE :   川滇冷杉  Chuan dian leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Forrest fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Chine, Sapin du Tibet.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Форреста  Pikhta Forresta.
SERBIAN :  Кинески јела  Kineski jela.


Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog.  var. georgei (Orr) Farjon
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies delavayi Franch. var. georgei (Orr) Melville, Abies georgei Orr


Abies forrestii Coltm.-Rog.  var. smithii Viguié et Gaussen
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies delavayi Franch. var. smithii (Viguié et Gaussen) Liu, p.p., Abies georgei Orr var. smithii (Viguie et Gaussen) Cheng et Fu 


Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.
SYNONYM(S) :  Pinus fraseri Pursh 
CHINESE :  福莱胶枞
CZECH :  jedle Fraserova.
ESTONIAN :  Fraseri nulg. 
FRENCH :  Sapin de Fraser.
GERMAN :  Fraser's Balsamtanne.
HINDI :  फ्रेजर चीड़ .
HUNGARIAN :  Csiroki jegenyefenyő, Fraser fenyõ.
ITALIAN :  Abete di Fraser.
JAPANESE :  フラセリーモミ , フレセールモミ
PERSIAN :  نراد فرايزر .
POLISH :  Jodła Frasera.
SLOVAKIAN :    jedľa Fraserova.


Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies amabilis Murr., non Forbes, Abies excelsior Franco, Abies gordoniana Carr.,  Abies sibirica Ledeb. var. gracilis (Kom.) Patschke, Picea grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Loudon, Pinus grandis Douglas ex D. Don  
ARABIC :  شوح كبير
CHINESE :  北美冷 杉  Bei mei leng shan.
CZECH :  Jedle obrovská.
ENGLISH :  Grand fir, Lowland fir, Silver fir, Stinking fir, White fir, Yellow fir.
ESTONIAN :  Hiigelnulg, Sale nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin de l’0regon, Sapin de Vancouver, Sapin géant, Sapin grandissime.
HUNGARIAN :  Óriás jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  アメリカオ オモミ
KOREAN :  그 랜드전나무
PERSIAN :  آبیس گراندیس
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-de-Vancouver.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта болъшая Pikhta bol'shaia, Пихта ванкуверская  Pikhta vankuverskaia.
TURKISH :  Büyük sahil göknarı.


Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. var. grandis


Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl. var. idahoensis Silba
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. subsp. idahoensis Silba

Abies guatemalensis Rehder
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. jaliscana Martínez
ARABIC :  تنوب غواتيمالي
CHINESE :  危地马拉冷杉
ENGLISH :  Guatemalan fir, Pacachaque fir, Pashaque fir.
HINDI :  एबीस ग्वाटामालेनसिस .
HUNGARIAN :  Guatemalai jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  グァテマラモミ
PERSIAN :  آبیس گواتمالنسیس
SPANISH :  Oyamel de Guatemala, Pacachaque, Pinabete, Romerillo.
TURKISH :  Guatemala göknarı.



Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. guatemalensis
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. longibracteata Debreczy et Rácz, Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. tacanensis (Lundell) Martínez, Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. tamaulipensis Silba , Abies tacanensis Lundell
SPANISH :  Abeto de Guatemala, Oyamel de Guatemala, Pinabete.


Abies guatemalensis Rehder var. jaliscana Martínez
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies flinckii Rushforth , Abies jaliscana (Martínez) Mantilla & A. Vázquez, Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. et Cham. var. emarginata Loock ex Martínez
ENGLISH :  Jalisco fir.
SPANISH :   Árbol de navidad, Oyamel de Jalisco.

Considered as a synonym of the species by some authors.
Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen 
ARABIC :  شوح هيكيلي
ENGLISH :  Hickel's fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Hickel.
HINDI :  एबीस हीकेली
JAPANESE :  アビエス ・ ヒケリ   Abiesu hikeri.
PERSIAN :  آبيس هيكه‌لي
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Гиккели

Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen var. macrocarpa Martinez
ENGLISH :  Large-fruited Hickel's fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Hickel à gros fruit, Sapin de Hickel macrocarpe.

Abies hickelii Flous & Gaussen var. oaxacana (Martínez) Farjon & Silba
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies oaxacana Martínez
ENGLISH :  Oaxaca fir.
JAPANESE :  オアハカモミ  Oahaka momi.

Abies holophylla Maxim.
CHINESE :  杉松  Shan song,  杉鬆  Shan song.
ENGLISH :  Manchurian fir, Needle fir.
FINNISH :  Ussurinpihta.
HUNGARIAN :  Mandzsu jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  チョウセンモミ   Chousen momi.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта цельнолистная  Пихта tsel'nolistnaia.
SERBIAN :  Кореан јела  Korean  jela.



Abies homolepis Siebold & Zucc.
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies brachyphylla Maxim.
DANISH :  Skrueædelgran.
DUTCH :  Nikko zilverspar.
ENGLISH :  Nikko fir.
ESTONIAN :  Lühiokkaline nulg, Nikko nulg.
FINNISH :  Nikonpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Nikko, Sapin du Japon, Sapin japonais.
GERMAN :  Nikko-Tanne.
ICELANDIC :  Japansþinur.
JAPANESE :  ダケモミ, ウラジロモミ  Urajiromomi,  うらじろもみ Urajiromomi.
NORWEGIAN :  Skruegran.
POLISH :  Jodła nikko, Jodła nikkońska.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта коротколистная, Пихта равночешуйчатая



Abies kawakamii (Hayata) T. Itô
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies mariesii Mast. var. kawakamii Hayata
CHINESE :  台湾冷杉 ,   台灣冷杉 (Taiwan).
FRENCH :  Sapin de Taiwan.
HUNGARIAN :  Tajvani jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  ニイタカトドマツ


Abies koreana E.H.Wilson
CHINESE :  朝鲜冷杉  Chao xian leng shan.
CROATIAN :  Korejska jela.
DANISH :  Koreansk Ædelgran.
ENGLISH :  Korean fir.
ESTONIAN :  Korea nulg. 
FRENCH :  Sapin de Corée.
GERMAN :  Koreanische Tanne, Korea-Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Koreai jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN :  Abete coreano.
POLISH :  Szyszka jodły koreańskiej.
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto coreano.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Kорейская  Pikhta Korejskaia.
SERBIAN :  Кореан јела  Korean  jela.
SLOVENIAN :  Jelka korejska.
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa kórejská.
SWEDISH :  Koreagran.
TURKISH :  Kore Göknarı .
Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies subalpina Engelm.
ARABIC :  شوح أزغب الثمر
CHINESE :  落矶山冷杉  Luo ji shan leng shan, 落磯山冷 杉  Luo ji shan leng shan.
CZECH :  Jedle arizonská, Jedle subalpínská.
ENGLISH :  Alpine fir, Balsam fir, Mountain balsam fir, Rocky Mountain fir, Subalpine fir, White fir.
ESTONIAN :  Mäginulg. 
FRENCH : Sapin subalpin.
JAPANESE :  アビエス ・ ラシオカルパ  Abiesu rashiokarupa, アルプスモ ミ  Arupusu momi, ミヤマバルサムモミ  Miyama baru samu momi,  ロッキーモミ  Rokkii momi.
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-alpino.
RUSSIAN :   Пихта шершавоплодная  Pikhta shershavoplodnaia.
Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. var. arizonica (Merriam) Lemm.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies arizonica Merriam,  Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. subsp. arizonica (Merriam) E.Murray
CZECH :  Jedle plstnatoplodá arizonská.
ESTONIAN :  Korginulg. 
JAPANESE :  アリゾナモミ  Arizona momi,  ニューメキシコモミ Nyuumekishiko momi.
TURKISH :  Arizona göknarı.
 


Abies lowiana (Gordon) A.Murray
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. subsp. lowiana (Gordon) A. E. Murray, Abies concolor (Gordon & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr. var. lowiana (Gordon) Lemmon
ENGLISH :  Low's white fir, Sierra Nevada white fir.
ESTONIAN :  Sierra nulg. 
TURKISH :  Low gümüş göknarı  (as A. concolor subsp. lowiana).
 


Abies magnifica A. Murray 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies nobilis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl. var. magnifica (A. Murr.) Kelllog
ARABIC :  تنوب بهي   meaning of this "name" ????
CHINESE :  加州红冷 杉  Jia zhou hong leng shan ,  紫果冷衫   Zi guo leng shan.
CZECH : Veličanstvena jela.
DANISH :  Rød ædelgran.
ENGLISH :  California red fir, Californian red fir, Red fir.
ESTONIAN :  Tore nulg. 
FINNISH :  Komeapihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin rouge.
GERMAN :  Pracht-Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Óriástobozú jegenyefenyő.
ICELANDIC : Rauðþinur.
JAPANESE :  カリフャルニアアカモミ, ノーブルモミ
NORWEGIAN :  Praktedelgran.
RUSSIAN :   Пихта великолепная  Pikhta velikolepnaia, Пихта величественная Pikhta velichestvennaia..
SPANISH :  Abeto rojo.
TURKISH :  Kırmızı göknar.
Abies magnifica A. Murray var. shastensis Lemmon
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies x shastensis (Lemmon) Lemmon
ENGLISH :  Shasta red fir.
JAPANESE :  シャスタアカモミ  Shasuta aka momi.
NORWEGIAN :  Shastagran.


Abies mariesii Mast.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies mariesii Mast. f. hayachinensis Hayashi
ARABIC :  شوح ماريزي
CHINESE :  大白叶冷 杉  Da bai ye leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Maries' fir.
ESTONIAN :  Hondo nulg.
FINNISH :  Honshunpihta.
GERMAN :  Maries Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Maries-jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  アオモリトドマツ  Ao mori todo matsu,  オオシラビソ  Oo shirabiso,  おおしらびそ Oo shirabiso,  オオリュウセン, トド , オオシラベ  Oo shirabe.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Мариса Pikhta Marisa.
SWEDISH :  Aomorigran.

Abies mariesii Masters f. hayachinensis Hayashi
ENGLISH :  Hayashi's fir.
JAPANESE :  ホソミノアオモリトドマツ 



Abies nebrodensis (Lojac) Mattei
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies pectinata (Lam.) DC. var. nebrodensis Lojac.
CHINESE :  西西裡冷杉  Xi xi li leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Sicilian fir.
ESTONIAN :  Sitsiilia nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Sicile, Sapin des Nébrodes.
GERMAN :    Nebrodi-Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Szicíliai jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта сицилийская  Pikhta sitsilijskaia.
TURKISH :  Sicilya göknarı.

Abies nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim.) Maxim.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies sibirica Ledeb. var. nephrolepis Trautv. ex Maxim.
CHINESE :  白果樅  Bai guo cong, 白果枞 Bai guo cong,   臭枞 Chou cong,   臭冷杉  Chou leng shan, 东北冷杉  Dong bei leng shan, 华北冷杉  Hua bei leng shan,   滿洲冷杉  Man zhou leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Eastern Siberian fir, Khinghan fir, Manchurian fir.
ESTONIAN :  Amuuri nulg.
FINNISH :  Ohotanpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin blanc de Sibérie, Sapin de Sibérie orientale.
GERMAN :  Ostsibirische Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Amuri jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  トウシラベ  Toushirabe.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта  белокорая  Pikhta belokoraia, Пихта пошкочешуйная  Pikhta poshkocheshujnaia.
TURKISH :  Khinghan göknarı.


Abies nordmanniana  (Steven) Spach
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies candicans Fisch. ex Henkel & W. Hochst., Pinus nordmanniana Steven,  Picea nordmanniana (Steven) Loudon, Pinus abies L. var. nordmanniana (Steven) Muell.,  Abies leioclada (Steven) Gord.,  Abies pectinata DC. var. leioclada (Steven ex Endl.) Carr. 
ARABIC :  شوح نوردماني
CHINESE :  高加索冷杉  Gao jia suo leng shan.
CROATIAN :  Kavkaška jela, Kavkaske jele.
CZECH :  Jedle kavkazská .
DANISH :  Nordmannsgran.
DUTCH :  Kaukasische zilverspar, Nordmann-spar.
ENGLISH :  Caucasian fir, Nordmann's Christmas tree, Nordmann's fir.
FINNISH :  Kaukasianpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Crimée, Sapin de Nordmann, Sapin du Caucase.
GERMAN :  Kaukasiche Tanne, Kaukasustanne, Kaukasus-Tanne, Nordmanntanne, Nordmannstanne, Nordmanns Tanne, Nordmanowa jědla (Upper Sorbian).
GREEK :  Ελάτη, Ελάτη νορμανδιάνα , Έλατο,  Έλατο Καυκάσου,  Έλατο του Καυκάσου, Έλατο του Νόρτμαν.
HUNGARIAN :  Kaukázusi jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN :  Abete del Caucaso, Abete di Nordmann.
JAPANESE :  コーカシアモミ  Kookashia momi.
NORWEGIAN :  Nordmannsedelgran.
POLISH : Jodła kaukaska.
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-do-Cáucaso.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Нордмана Pikhta Nordmana,  Пихта кавказская  Pikhta kavkazskaya
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa Nordmannova.
SLOVENIAN :  Jelka kavkaška.
SPANISH :  Abeto del Cáucaso.
SWEDISH :  Nordmannsgran.
TURKISH :  Doğu Karadeniz göknarı.


Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. bornmuelleriana (Mattf.) Coode & Cullen
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf., Abies x bornmuelleriana Mattf. 
TURKISH :  Uludağ göknarı.

The synonymy of this subspecies is not agreed on by everyone. Some authors place it under Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. nordmanniana , others place it under subsp. equi-trojani , some think of it as a hybrid between Abies cephalonica and Abies nordmanniana, and yet others such as some Turkish scholars let it stand on its own. Because the only distinctive name is given in the Turkish language we are happy to go along with this last opinion.

Abies nordmanniana  (Steven) Spach subsp. equi-trojani (Aschers. & Sint. ex Boiss.) Coode & Cullen.
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies cephalonica Loudon var. apollinis (Link) Beissn., Abies cephalonica Loudon var. graeca (Fraas) Liu,  Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach var. equi-trojani Guinier et Maire, Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. equi-trojani (Asch. et Sinb.) Coode et Cullen,  Abies pectinata Lam. et DC. var. equi-trojani Aschers. et Sint. ex Boiss.
ENGLISH :  Turkey fir, Turkish fir.
ESTONIAN :  Kaukaasia nulg.
TURKISH :  Kazdağı göknarı.


Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach subsp. nordmanniana
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach  f. aurea (Beissn.) Rehder, Pinus nordmanniana Steven
TURKISH :  Doğu Karadeniz göknarı.


Abies numidica de Lannoy ex Carrière
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies pinsapo Boiss. var. baborensis Coss., nom. nud.,  Pinus abies var. africana Münchh., nom. nud.
ARABIC :  شوح نوميدي
CHINESE :  阿尔及利亚冷 杉  A er ji li ya leng shan.
CZECH :  Jedle numidská .
ENGLISH :  Algerian fir.
ESTONIAN :  Alžeeria nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Kabylie, Sapin de Numidie, Sapin d'Algerie, Sapin du Mont Babor.
GERMAN :  Algiertanne , Nubische Tanne, Numidische Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Numídiai jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN :  Abete algerico, Abete numidico.
JAPANESE :  アルジェリアモミ  Arujeria momi, ア ルゼリアモミ  Aruzeria momi.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта нумидийска Pikhta numidijska.
SPANISH :  Abeto de Algeria.
TURKISH :  Cezayir göknarı.
Abies pardei Gaussen
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies alba Mill. var. pardei (Gaussen) Silba
ENGLISH :  Parde fir, Parde's fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Pardé, Sapin blanc sauvage de Calabre (as A. alba var. pardei).
JAPANESE :  Parude momi.


Some authors consider it as a synonym of Abies borisii-regis, others as a synonym of A. alba ????, yet others think it is a hybrid. A confusing badly known species to say the least. We go along with it being a var. of A. alba as originally suggested by Gaussen.

 

Abies x phanerolepis (Fern.) Liu.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies balsamea x fraseri
FINNISH : Vermontinpihta.


Abies pindrow (D. Don) Royle
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies pindrow (Lamb.) Royle
CHINESE : Awaiting feedback.
CZECH :  Jedle himalájská.
DANISH :  Pragtgran.
ENGLISH :  Himalayan fir, Pindrow fir, West Himalayan fir.
ESTONIAN :  Himaalaja nulg, Pindrow nulg.
FINNISH :  Himalajanpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin de l'Himalaya, Sapin de l’ouest Himalaya.
GERMAN :  Himalaya-Tanne, Pindrow-Tanne.
HINDI : Badar, Dodimma, Granthiparna, Jhilla, Tosh, Span, Rai, Rei, Morinda tosh.
HUNGARIAN :  Himalájai jegenyefenyő.
NEPALESE : Awaiting feedback.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Вебба, Пихта гималайская, Пихта замечательная.
SANSKRIT :  Granthiparna, Talisa.
SERBIAN :  Himalajska jela.
SPANISH : Abeto de Pindrow.

 

Abies pindrow (D. Don) Royle var. brevifolia Dallim. & A. B. Jacks.
HINDI :  Awaiting feedback.



Abies pindrow (D. Don) Royle var. pindrow
SYNONYM(S) :    Picea pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Loudon, Pinus spectabilis D. Don var. pindrow

 

Abies pinsapo Boiss.
ARABIC :  شوح بنسابو
BOSNIAN :  Andaluzijska jela, Španjolska jela.  
BULGARIAN :  Испанска ела  Ispanska ela, Испанската ела  Ispanskata ela. 
CHINESE :  西班牙冷杉
CROATIAN :  Andaluzijska jela, Španjolska jela.  
CZECH :  Jedle španělská.  
ENGLISH :  Hedgehog fir, Pinsapo, Spanish fir.
ESTONIAN :  Hispaania nulg.
FRENCH :  Pin savon, Sapin d’Andalousie, Sapin d'Espagne, Sapin de Ronda, Sapin hérisson, Sapin pinsapo.
GERMAN :  Spanische Tanne.
HINDI :  एबीस पिनसापो
HUNGARIAN :  Andalúziai jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN :  Abete di Spagna, Pinsapo .
JAPANESE :  スペインモミ
PERSIAN :  آبیس پینساپو
POLISH :  Jodła hiszpańska.
PORTUGUESE :  Abeto-espanhol.
SERBIAN :  Andaluzijska jela, Španjolska jela.  
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa španielska.
SLOVENIAN :  Španska jelka.
SPANISH : Abeto-espanhol, Abeto pinsapo, Pino, Pinsapo.

 

Abies pinsapo Boiss. var. marocana (Trab.) Ceballos & Bolaños
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies marocana Trab.
BULGARIAN :  Mароканска ела  Marokanska ela.
ESTONIAN :  Maroko nulg.
FRENCH :   Sapin du Maroc.
HUNGARIAN :  Marokkói jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :  モロッコモミ  Morokko momi.



Abies pinsapo Boiss. var. tazaotana (S. Côzar ex Villar) J. Pourtet 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies tazaotana Côzar ex E. Villar., Abies tazaotana  Cozar ex Hug.-del-Vill.   
ENGLISH :  Tazaotan fir.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Tazaot.



There is some uncertainty in the identity of the authority "Villar" associated with the synonyms of this more obscure taxon. The IPNI identifies 2 "Villars" but none of them match the abbreviations in the above names. S. Cozar or Cozar match both Santiago Cozar and Sanchez Cozar, one being mentioned by Robert G. Nicholson in his report, the other being listed in IPNI. J. Pourtet on the other hand appears correct even if he is not mentioned in IPNI and referred to by some authors as "Pouret".



Abies procera Rehder
 SYNONYM(S) :  Abies nobilis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl., Abies nobilis var. prostrata Hornibr. , Abies nobilis var. robusta Beissn., Abies nobilis var. robustifolia Sudw. , Abies procera Rehd. f. prostrata (Hornibr.) Rehder
ARABIC :  شوح نبيل   (as A. nobilis),   شوح باسق
CHINESE :  高大冷杉  Gao da leng shan ,  壮丽冷杉   (as A. nobilis).
CZECH :   Jedle stříbrná  (as A. nobilis), Jedle vznešená.
ENGLISH :  Christmastree, Noble fir, Red fir.
ESTONIAN :  Hõbenulg, Kaunis nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin bleu, Sapin noble.
GERMAN :  Pazifische Edel-Tanne, Edle Tanne, Silber-Tanne.
HINDI :  नोबल फर   (as A. nobilis), एबीस नोबीलिस , एबीस प्रोसीरा .
HUNGARIAN :  Nemes jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN :  Abete nobile.
JAPANESE :  ノーブルモ ミ
PERSIAN :   نراد اصيل   (as A. nobilis), آبيس نوبيليس .
POLISH :  Jodła szlachetna.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта высокая Pikhta vysokaia.
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa vznešená.
SLOVENIAN :  Jelka srebrna.
SPANISH :  Abeto noble.


Abies recurvata Mast.    
CHINESE :  紫果冷杉   Zi guo leng shan.
GERMAN :  Min-Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Görbetűs jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта изогнутолистная.


Abies recurvata Mast. var. ernestii (Rehder) C. T. Kuan
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies beissneriana Rehder & E. H. Wilson, Abies chensiensis Van Tiegh. var. ernestii (Rehder) Tang S. Liu, Abies ernestii Rehder


Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies religiosa (H. B. K.) Schldl. & Cham., Pinus religiosa Kunth
ARABIC :  تنوب ديني   meaning of this "name" ????
CHINESE :  墨西哥冷杉  Mo xi ge leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Oyamel fir, Sacred fir.
ESTONIAN :  Püha nulg.
FINNISH :  Meksikonpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin sacré, Sapin sacré du Mexique.
GERMAN :  Heilige Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Azték jegenyefenyő.
ITALIAN : Abete sacro.
JAPANESE :  メキシコモ ミ Mekishako momi, レリヒオサモミ  Rerihiosa momi.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта священная  Pikhta svishchennaia.
SPANISH :  Aceite de abeto, Oyamel.
TURKISH :  Kutsal göknar.

Abies rubra Poir.   ->   Picea rubens Sarg.


Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim. subsp. sachalinensis (Fr.Schmidt) Vorosch. 
ARABIC :  شوح سكّالي
CHINESE :  萨哈林冷杉  Sa ha lin leng shan, 库页冷杉
CZECH :  Jedle sachalinská.
ENGLISH :  Sakhalin fir, Wilson's fir.
ESTONIAN :  Sahhalini nulg. 
FRENCH :  Sapin de Sachaline.
HINDI :  सेकेलिन पलूदर .
HUNGARIAN :  Szahalini jegenyefenyõ.
ITALIAN :  Abete di Sakhalin.
JAPANESE :  アカトドマツ  Aka todo matsu, トドマツ  Todo matsu..
KOREAN :  일본개분비.
PERSIAN :  آبیس ساکالینانسیس
POLISH :  Jodła sachalińska.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта сахалинская  Pikhta sakhalinskaia.
SLOVAKIAN :  Jedľa sachalinská.
SPANISH :  Abeto sachalin.
Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters var. corticosa Tatew.
JAPANESE :  オニハダトドマツ



Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters var. gracilis (Kom.) Farjon
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies gracilis Kom.
ENGLISH :  Kamchatka fir.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта грациозная, Пихта камчатская, Пихта изящная.

Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters var. mayriana Miyabe et Kudô
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies mayriana (Miyabe et Kudô) Miyabe et Kudô
ESTONIAN :  Mayri nulg.
JAPANESE :  アオトドマツ


Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters var. nemorensis Mayr
JAPANESE :  ネムロトドマツ   Nemuro todo matsu.

Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters var. sachalinensis
JAPANESE :  アカトドマツ  Aka todo matsu.

Abies sibirica Ledeb.
SYNONYM(S) :
ARABIC :  شوح سيبيري
CHINESE :  西伯利亚冷杉  Xi bo li ya leng shan.
CZECH :  Jedle bělokorá, Jedle sibiřská. 
DANISH :  Sibirisk ædelgran.
DUTCH :  Siberische spar.
ENGLISH :  Siberian fir.
ESTONIAN :  Siberi nulg.
FINNISH : Siperianpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Sibérie.
GERMAN :  Sibirische Tanne.
HINDI :  एबीस सिबिरिका
HUNGARIAN :  Szibériai jegenyefenyö.
ICELANDIC :  Síberíuþinur.
JAPANESE :  シベリアモミ
NORWEGIAN :  Pichtagran, Sibiredelgran.  
POLISH :  Jodła syberyjska.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта сибирская  Pikhta sibirskaia.
SPANISH : Abeto siberiano (Argentina).
Abies sibirica Ledeb. subsp. semenovii (B. Fedtsch.) Farjon
SYNONYM(S) :   Abies semenovii B. Fedtsch.
HUNGARIAN : Turkesztáni jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Семенова  Pikhta Semenova.
Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach
SYNONYM(S) : Abies webbiana Lindl., Picea webbiana (Wall ex D. Don) Loudon, Pinus spectabilis D. Don,  Pinus webbiana Wall. ex Lamb.
CHINESE :  西藏冷杉
ENGLISH :  East Himalayan fir, Himalayan fir.
ESTONIAN :  Himaalaja nulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin de l’est Himalaya, Sapin du Sikkim.
HINDI :  Kanda morinda, Morinda, Raga, Span (as A. webbiana), Talispatra (as A. webbiana), Talisapatra, Talisapathra (as A. webbiana), Talisapathre (leaves), Talisapatri, Talispatra (leaves), Tapis patra, Tosh.
HUNGARIAN :  Pompás jegenyefenyő.
KANNADA :  Talispatri (as A. webbiana).
MALAYALAM :  Taleesaptram (as A. webbiana), Talisapatram.
NEPALESE :  Sala  (as A. webbiana).
RUSSIAN :  Пихта гималайская  Pikhta gimalajskaia, Пихта высокорослая  Pikhta vysokoroslaia.
SANSKRIT :   Dhatripatra (as A. webbiana), Manduparani (as A. webbiana), Sukodara (as A. webbiana), Talisam, Talisapatra, Talisapatradya (as A. webbiana), Talisapathra (as A. webbiana), Talisapatram.
TAMIL :  தாலிசப்பத்திரி   (as A. webbiana), Talispatri (as A. webbiana), Thaalespathri..
TURKISH :  Batı Himalaya göknarı.
URDU :  Talispatar (as A. webbiana), Zarnab (as A. webbiana).

 

Abies squamata Mast.
 CHINESE :  鳞皮冷杉
ENGLISH :  Flaky-barked fir, Flaky fir.
ESTONIAN :  Soomusnulg.
FRENCH :  Sapin écailleux.
GERMAN :    Schuppenrindige Tanne.
HUNGARIAN :  Papírkérgű jegenyefenyő.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта чешуйчатая
TURKISH :  Pullu göknar.  




Abies x umbellata Mayr   
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies firma Siebold et Zucc. var. iidaensis Kusaka, Abies homolepis Siebold & Zucc. var. umbellata (Mayr) E.H.Wilson　
JAPANESE :   ミツミネモミ　Mitsumine momi.


Abies veitchii  Lindl.
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies eichleri Lauche, Abies nordmanniana (Steven) Spach var. eichleri (Lauche) Beissn., Abies veitchii Lindl.  f. olivacea (Shiras.) Cinovskis,  Abies veitchii Lindl.  var. komagatakensis Hayashi,  Abies veitchii Lindl.  var. nikkoensis Mayr, Abies veitchii Lindl.  var. olivacea Shiras., Abies veitchii Lindl.  var. reflexa Koidz., Picea veitchii (Lindley) Gordon,  Pinus nephrolepis (Trautv. ex Maxim) Voss var. veitchii (Lindley) Voss, Pinus selenolepis Parl., Pinus veitchii (Lindley) McNab,  non Roezl
ARABIC :  شوح ويتشي
CHINESE :  富士山冷杉  Fu shi shan leng shan.
CZECH :  Jedle Veitchova.
DANISH :  Japansk Ædelgran, Vidunderædelgran.
ENGLISH :  Christmas tree, Veitch's fir, Veitch's silver fir.
ESTONIAN :  Jaapani nulg.
FINNISH : Japaninpihta.
FRENCH :  Sapin de Veitch.
GERMAN :  Veitchs Tanne.
HINDI :  एबीस विट्ची .
HUNGARIAN :  Kéktobozú jegenyefenyő,  Veitch-jegenyefenyő.
JAPANESE :     シラベ  Shirabe,  シラビソ   Shirabiso, しらびそ Shirabiso.
NORWEGIAN :  Fujigran.
POLISH :  Jodła Veitcha.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Вейча Pikhta Vejcha, Пихта Вича Pikhta Vicha.
Abies veitchii Lindl. f. olivacea (Shiras.) Kusaka
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies veitchii Lindl. var. olivacea Shiras. , Abies veitchii Lindl. var. veitchii ‘Olivacea’
ENGLISH :  Green Veitch's fir.
JAPANESE :  アオシラベ   Ao shirabe.

Abies veitchii Lindl. var. komagatakensis Hayashi
JAPANESE :  コマガタケシラベ   Komagatake shirabe.

Abies veitchii Lindl. var. nikkoensis Mayr. 
ENGLISH :  Small-coned Veitch's fir.

Abies veitchii Lindl. var. reflexa Koidz. 
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies shikokiana Nakai, Abies veitchii Lindl. var. shikokiana (Nakai) Kusaka
ENGLISH :  Shikoku fir. 
JAPANESE :  　 シコクシラベ　Shikoku shirabe.


Abies veitchii Lindl. var. reflexa Koidz. f. viridis Kusaka　
ENGLISH :  Green shikoku fir.
JAPANESE :  　 アオシコクシラベ　


Abies veitchii Lindl. var. sikokiana (Nakai) Kusaka
SYNONYM(S) : Abies sikokiana Nakai
ENGLISH :  Shikoku fir. 
JAPANESE :  シコクシラベ   Shikoku shirabe.
RUSSIAN :  Пихта Вича сикокская.


Japanese scholars place this taxon, here under a spelling variation of the botanical name, among the synonyms of Abies veitchii Lindl. var. reflexa Koidz. It is one of those examples of names that have been latinized when brought from Japan to the west. Such examples abound in bamboos. Aside from the synonymy issue, the correct pronounciation and spelling of the name are " シコク " , the correct romanization (romaji) is "shikoku", and therefore the correct latinized version should be "shikokiana" not "sikokiana". We are of the international view that original names should retain their original spellings and / or their correct romanized form if they are written in a foreign script.


Abies veitchii Lindl. var. veitchii
SYNONYM(S) : Abies veitchii Lindl. var. olivacea Shiras.
ENGLISH :  Honshu fir.
JAPANESE :  アオシラベ   Ao shirabe.


Japanese scholars appear not to recognize this taxon. They place both synonyms under


Abies vejarii Martinez
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies vejari Martínez, orth. err. , Abies vejari Martínez, orth. var.
CZECH :  Vejarova jela .
ENGLISH :  Vejar's fir
FRENCH :  Sapin de Vejari.
SPANISH :  Hayarin, Oyamel blanco (Mexico), Oyamel cenizo (Mexico).
Abies vejarii Martínez var. mexicana (Martínez) Farjon
SYNONYM(S) :  Abies mexicana Martínez , Abies vejarii Martinez subsp mexicana (Mart.) Farjon , Abies vejarii Martinez  var. mexicana (Mart.) T.S. Liu
SPANISH :  Hayarin, Oyamel blanco (Mexico), Oyamel cenizo (Mexico).

Abies yuanbaoshanensis Y. J. Lu & L. K. Fu
CHINESE :  元宝山冷杉  Yuan bao shan leng shan.
HUNGARIAN :  Juanbao-jegenyefenyő.
TURKISH :  Yuanbaoshan göknarı.


Abies ziyuanensis L. K. Fu & S. L. Mo
CHINESE :  资源冷杉  Zi yuan leng shan.
ENGLISH :  Ziyuan fir.
JAPANESE :  ジュウアンモミ




REFERENCES
General Bibliography

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REFERENCES
Online
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REFERENCES
Specific & complementary for this updated version

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REFERENCES
Specific & complementary



AGROVOC  < http://aims.fao.org/en/pages/593/sub?perpage=100&resultset=0&myLetter=A&mylang_interface=en&myLanguage=EN >.

BGPlants compilation group, 2000 - 2010, Plant Names of the Japanese botanical gardens. Japanese Botanical Gardens Association. Pinaceae 　マツ科.  < http://bean.bio.chiba-u.jp/bgplants/ylist_srch_easy.html >.

Earle Christopher J., 2009, The Gymnosperm Database. URL: http://www.conifers.org/index.html (Page updated on 2009.04.19).

Gotfredsen Erik, 2009, Liber Herbarum II, The incomplete reference-guide to Herbal medicine.
< http://www.liberherbarum.com >.

Helardot Jean Louis < http://membres.lycos.fr/helardot/page_sapins/sapin_accueil.html >.

Kuzmic Tomislav, 2005-2009.  EUdict (European dictionary). < http://www.eudict.com/ >.

Simonović Dragutin, 1959, Botanički rečnik - imena biljaka; Naučno delo, Izdavačka ustanova srpske akademije nauka, Beograd.

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?13 (03 December 2009).



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