MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE

  Sorting Allium names 


Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) :
   ->  Allium 2   =  species in sister file.


Note on American classification
Note on Chinese names of Allium and on French Échalion and Échalotes.

 

Allium acuminatum Hook.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium acuminatum Hook. var. cuspidatum Fern.

CHINESE :   野葱   Ye cong.

ENGLISH :  Hooker's onion, Purple-flowered garlic, Tapertip onion.

GERMAN :   Kerzenlauch, Tapertipzwiebel.

RUSSIAN :   Лук остроконечный   Luk ostrokonechnyi.


Photograph by Pat Woodward at Pacific Rim Native Plant Nursery.

Allium altaicum Pallas

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ceratophyllum Besser ex Schultes & J. H. Schultes, Allium ceratophyllum Besser ex Schult. & Schult. f. ,  Allium fistulosum auct., non L., Allium microbulbum Prokh., Allium sapidissimum Pallas ex Schultes & J. H. Schultes.

CHINESE :    阿尔泰葱    A er tai cong.

ESTONIAN :  Altai lauk.

FRENCH :  Ciboule des roches, Ciboule sauvage, Ciboule de Mongolie, Ciboule de Siberie.

GERMAN :  Altai-Zwiebel.

JAPANESE :  アリウム・アルタイクム      Ariumu arutaikumu.

POLISH :  Czosnek dęty.

RUSSIAN :   Лук алтайский   Luk altaiskii, (Luk altajskij).



Photograph in Soviet Union.
Photograph of museum specimen at IPK Gatersleben Genebank & Taxonomy Image Database.

Allium altyncolicum Friesen

GERMAN : Goldsee-Zwiebel.

RUSSIAN :    Лук алтынкольский  Luk altynkol'skii.

Allium amethystinum Tausch

ITALIAN :  Aglio ametistino.



Photograph of flowers by Tom Clothier.


Allium ampeloprasum L.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium ampeloprasum L. var. holmense (Mill.) Asch. & Graebn.,  Allium ampeloprasum L. f. holmense hort., Porrum ampeloprasum Rchb.

ARABIC :  كرات‎   ,   بَصَلْ العفريت     Baṣṣal al afrīt.

CHINESE :  大头蒜   Da tou suan.

CROATIAN :   Divlji luk, Divji vinogradski puri, Lučac, Lučec, Luk purić, Purić, Vinogradski luk, Vinogradski porjak.

DUTCH :   Grootkoppige knoflook,  Olifantsknoflook, Wilde look.

ENGLISH :  Elephant garlic, Giant garlic, Great-headed garlic, Levant garlic, Russian garlic, Wild leek, Yorktown onion.

ESTONIAN :  Hobulauk .

FRENCH :  Ail d'Orient, Ail faux Poireau, Carambole, Faux poireau, Poireau d'été, Poireau du Levant, Poireau sauvage.

GERMAN :  Ackerknoblauch, Breitblättriger wilder Lauch, Pferdeknoblauch,  Sommerlauch. 

HINDI :  ऐलियम एमपोलोप्रासम  Ailiyama ēmapōlōprāsama.

HEBREW :   שום גבוה   ,   שׁוּם גָּבוֹהַּ .

ITALIAN :  Porraccio.

JAPANESE :  アリウム・ア ン ペロプラスム.

POLISH :  Czosnek dziki, Por dziki.

RUSSIAN :   Лук виноградный   Luk vinogradnyi  (Luk vinogradnyj).

SERBIAN :  Divlji luk, Luk, Lukomača, Sitna ljutika,  Velja ljutika,  Vinogradski luk.

SLOVENIAN :  Pasji luk, Poletni luk.

SPANISH :  Ajo chilote, Ajo elefante, Ajoporro, Puerro agreste, Puerro silvestre.

TAMIL :  இராகூச்சிட்டம்   Iraakuuccittam.

THAI :   กระเทียมโทนหัวใหญ่   Kra thiam thon hua yai.

TURKISH :  Karaköremen, Kaya sarımsağı, Keçi körmeni.




Allium ampeloprasum L. (Ampeloprasum Group)

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ampeloprasum L. (Great-Headed Garlic-rühm),  Allium ampeloprasum  L.  var. ampeloprasum Helm

The names usually applied to the species apply to this group.

Allium ampeloprasum L. (Kurrat Group)

 SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ampeloprasum L. (Kurrat-rühm), Allium kurrat  Schweinf. ex K. Krause, Allium porrum auct., non L., Allium porrum L. var. aegyptiacum Schweinf.

ARABIC :   الكرات المصري  .

ENGLISH :   Egyptian leek, Salad leek.

ESTONIAN :  Kurratlauk .

FINNISH :   Purjo, Purjosipuli.

FRENCH :   Kurrat, Poireau d'Egypte.

JAPANESE :  アリウム・アンペロプラスム・ク ラト.


Photograph at Plants of Lebanon.

Allium ampeloprasum L. (Porrum Group)

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ampeloprasum L. subsp. ampeloprasum (Porrum Group)

The names applied to Allium porrum L.  apply to this group.

Allium ampeloprasum L. (Sectivum Group)

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium ampeloprasum L. (Pearl-Onion-rühm), Allium ampeloprasum L. subsp. ampeloprasum (Pearl-Onion Group),  Allium ampeloprasum L. var. bulbilliferum Lloyd,  Allium porrum L. var. sectivum Lueder, Allium porrum L. 'Poireau perpétuel '

DANISH :  Perleløg.

DUTCH :  Parel-look, Pareluitje.

ENGLISH : Argentine garlic, Bulbiferous leek, Multiplier leek, Pearl onion, Perennial leek, Perpetual leek, Portuguese onions.

ESTONIAN :  Pärlsibul. 

FRENCH :  Ail des vignes, Carambole, Faux poireau, Oignon perle, Oignon perlé, Oignons perlés, Poireau du Levant, Poireau d’été, Poireau bulbeux, Poireau perpétuel,  Poireau perpétuel à  gousses, Poireau perlé.

GERMAN :  Perlzwiebel.

HINDI :  हरे प्याज़ का पौधा  Harē pyāza kā paudhā.

JAPANESE :  パールオニオン   Peeru onion.

MALAY :  Prei anak (Indonesia).

POLISH :  Cebula perłowa.


It took a number of years of production of both the "Perennial Leek" planted deeply and the "Pearl Zwiebel" planted on soil surface (as per instructions from the bulbs suppliers) and a trial reversing the process to confirm what we suspectected all along. This is the same plant grown in two different ways for two different purposes.


Allium ampeloprasum L. subsp. ampeloprasum

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ascendens Ten., Allium ampeloprasum L. var. bulbiferum Syme,  Allium ampeloprasum L. var. bulbilliferum Lloyd,  Allium ampeloprasum L. var. holmense (Mill.) Asch. & Graebn.,   Allium porrum L. subsp. ampeloprasum (L.) Breistroffer, Allium porrum L. var. ampeloprasum (L.) Mirbel , Allium bertoloni De Not.,  Allium holmense Mill.,  Allium lineare Mill., Allium multiflorum Desf.,   Allium tortifolium Batt. & Trabut,  Allium spectabile De Not.


The  above synonymy remains to be checked. There is some confusion between the synonyms of  this cultivated form of A. ampeloprasum (Ampeloprasum Group) and of the lesser known "pearl onion" (Sectivum Group).
The common names usually applied to the species apply to this subspecies.
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum

ENGLISH :  Wild leek.

SPANISH :    Puerro silvestre.



The common names usually applied to the species would apply to this variety if it was the cultivated form (as implied by the USDA GRIN Databse) but we believe that it is instead a wild form. The correct botanical name for the cultivated form should be A. ampeloprasum subsp. ampeloprasum. It is unfortunate that the trade always  ignore the words "subsp. ampeloprasum".


Allium ampeloprasum L. var. babingtonii (Borrer) Syme

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium babingtonii Borrer,  Allium scorodoprasum L. var. babingtonii (Borrer) Regel

ENGLISH : Babington's leek, Wild leek.

SPANISH :    Puerro silvestre.


Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum (L.) J. Gay  ->   Allium porrum L.


Allium angulosum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium lusitanicum Redouté

ENGLISH :  Mouse garlic.

FINNISH :   Särmälaukka.

GERMAN :  Kantenlauch,   Kantiger Lauch, Mäuseknoblauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio angoloso.

SLOVENIAN :  Robati luk.

SWEDISH :   Rysslök.



Allium ascalonicum L.   ->  Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)

Allium ascalonicum L. 'Nanking Shallot'  ->  Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Nanking Shallot'


Allium atropurpureum Waldst. & Kit.

ESTONIAN :  Purpurpunane lauk .

GERMAN :  Purpurrot-geblühte Zwiebel, Schwarzpurpurner Lauch .


Allium atrosanguineum Schrenk

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium atrosanguineum Kar. et Kir.,  Allium monadelphumAllium monadelphum Turcz. ex Kar. & Kir., Turcz. var. atrosanguineum Regel

CHINESE :   蓝苞葱  Lan bao cong.

ESTONIAN :  Verev lauk.


Allium atroviolaceum Boiss.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium ampeloprasum L.  var. atroviolaceum (Boiss.) Regel

ESTONIAN :  Tume lauk .

ITALIAN :  Aglio viola-scuro.

RUSSIAN :  Лук чёрно-фиолетовый Luk cherno-fioletovyi.  


Allium bakeri Regel

SYNONYM(S) : Allium chinense G. Don., Allium angulosum Lour. ?

CHINESE :   藠头,    薤  Xie.

ENGLISH : Angled leaved chives, Chinese onion, Angled chives, Chinese mountain chives, Rakkyo chives (USA), Japanese scallions, Pickled scallions (ingredient), Scallion.

FRENCH : Ciboulette de Chine à feuilles anguleuses, Ciboulette de Chine, Ciboulette à feuilles anguleuses.

JAPANESE :  "エ シャレット  Esharetto",   ラッ キョウ   Rakkyou,  らっきょう  Rakkyou,  辣 韮  Rakkyou,  Name mira, Oo nira, Kamira, Sato mira,  はならっきょう  Hana rakkyou (ingredient - processed bulb of tama rakkyo, trimmed at both ends), 花ラッ キョ ウ  Hana rakkyou, 花らっ きょう Hana rakkyou.

VIETNAMESE :  Kiệu.

Photograph of   bulbs  (tama rakkyou) in Japan.
Photograph of processed bulbs (hana rakkyou) in Japan.
Photographs of flowers (including close-up) in Japan.

Listed by some authors as a synonym of  Allium chinense G. Don.

Allium caeruleum Pall.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium azureum Ledeb., Allium caeruleum Wall., Allium coerulescens G. Don ,  Allium coeruleum auct.

CHINESE :   棱叶薤     Leng ye xie.

DUTCH :  Blauwe look.

ENGLISH :   Blue allium, Blue-heaven, Blue-of-the-heavens.

FRENCH :  Ail azuré.

GERMAN :   Blaulauch, Sibirischer Enzianlauch.

JAPANESE : ア リウム  Ariumu.

POLISH :  Czosnek, Czosnek błękitny.

RUSSIAN :  Лук голубой    Luk goluboi.

Photograph of flowers by Tom Clothier.
Photograph of flower in Japan.

Allium caeruleum Pall. var. bulbilliferum (Schrenk) Ledeb.

 SYNONYM(S) :   Allium azureum Ledeb. var. bulbilliferum Schrenk, Allium viviparum Kar. & Kir.

FRENCH :   Ail azuré vivace.

Allium carinatum L.

DANISH :  Kølet løg.

DUTCH :  Berglook.

ENGLISH :   Keeled garlic.

FRENCH :  Ail à pétales carénés, Ail caréné.

GERMAN :   Gekielter Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio delle Streghe.

NORWEGIAN :   Roselauk.

POLISH :  Czosnek grzebieniasty.

SLOVENIAN :  Divji česen, Dovji česen, Gredljasti luk,  Klobuk.

SWEDISH :  Rosenlök.
Allium carinatum L. subsp. pulchellum Bonnier & Layens

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium flavum var. pulchellum Ledeb., Allium pulchellum G. Don

FRENCH :  Ail élégant, Ail joli, Ail très joli .

GERMAN :  Schöner Lauch.


Photograph by A.M.D. Hoog at Pacific Rim Native Plant Nursery.
Photographs at "SOPHY".


Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)

BENGALI :  Gundhun.

CHINESE  :  火葱   Huo cong, 而将胡葱  Ér jiāng hú cōng.

CZECH :  Šalotka .

DANISH :  Skalotteløg.

DUTCH :  Sjalotten.

ENGLISH :  French shallots, Shallots, Potato onions.

ESTONIAN :  Šalottsibul .

FINNISH :  Šalottisipuli, Salottisipuli, Shalottisipuli .

FRENCH :  Ciboule, Echalote, Oignon patate.

GERMAN :  Aschlauch, Eschlauch, Klöben, Schalotte.

GREEK :   Ασκαλώνιο  Askalonio.

HEBREW :  בְּצַלְצַל  Bzalzal.

HINDI :  Kanda, Gandana, प्याज  Pyaaz, गुणक प्याज  Guṇaka pyāja.

HUNGARIAN :  Mogyoróhagyma .

ICELANDIC :  Skalottlaukur .

ITALIAN :  Scalogna, Scalogno.

JAPANESE :  シャ ロット  Sharotto, エシャロット Esharotto.

KANNADA :  ಒಂದು ಬಗೆಯ ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ  Ondu bageya irulli.

KASMIRI :  Praan.

KHMER :  Katem kror hom, Ktem hom, Ktem kror hom.

LAOTIAN :  ຜັກບົ່ວເຊິລອດ   Pak bua soelod .

LITHUANIAN :  Askaloninis česnakas.

MACEDONIAN :  Кромитче Kromitče.

MALAY :  Bawang merah kecil, Brambang (Java)

MALAYALAM :  Cheriya ulli, Chuvanna ulli.

NEPALESE :    छ्यापी  Chyaapii.

NORWEGIAN :  Sjalott-løk .

PERSIAN :  پیازچه   Piazcheh,  موسیر  Mousir (Mooseer).

POLISH :  Szalotka .

PORTUGUESE :  Cebolha roxa, Cebola miúda, Cebolinha branca, Chalota das cosinhas.

RUSSIAN :  Шалот  Shalot.

SERBIAN : 

SLOVAKIAN :  Šalotka.

SLOVENIAN :  Šalotka.

SPANISH :  Ascalonia, Chalota, Escalma, Escaluña.

TAMIL :  Chinna vengayam, Sambar vengayam.

THAI :   ต้นหอมบัว Dton hom bua, ต้นหอมหัว Dton hom hua,  ต้นหอมเล็ก Dton hom daeng, ต้นหอมไทย  Dton hom tai, หอมแดง  Hom daeng, หอมเล็ก  Hom lek.

VIETNAMESE :   Hành, Hành huong khô (dried product), Hành tăm,  Hành tím


Most names attributed to the European shallot (a small bulb almost onion like) apply to the type or group "Aggregatum" rather than to any specific cultivar or even form. This group includes green Alliums (chives-like) and large bulbs as large as onions. Moreover at the margins many so called A. cepa turn out to be other species under DNA analysis, a method less reliable than observation in the field, as far as evaluation of cultivars is concerned. We are making progress towards pin-pointing accuracy of the nomenclature in this area but there is still a long way to go. Being extremely restricted in the growing (due to Quarantine laws) and evaluation of all foreign onions, and faced with a lack of relevant photos, it can only be a slow process. I wish we had another 30 years to complete the job.


Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)   'Aka Wakegi'

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium × wakegi, Allium × proliferum  (East Asian Group)     

ENGLISH :  Japanese scallions, Salad onion, Wakegi onion.

JAPANESE :   アカネギ  Aka negi,   赤ワケギ  Aka wakegi.

VIETNAMESE :  Củ hành đỏ ,  Củ hành nhỏ.


Photograph in Vietnam.


Believed to be the cross:  Allium fistulosum × Allium cepa (Aggregatum Group)
Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group) 'Échalion'

DANISH :  Bananskalotteløg, Bananskalotter (short), Bananløg (short), Franske skalotteløg.

ENGLISH :  Banana shallots, Sown shallot.

FRENCH :  Échalion, Échalion du Poitou, Échalote Cuisse de poulet du Poitou, Échalote Zebrune,  Fausse échalote, Oignon doux à gout d'échalote.

GERMAN :   Sä-Schalotten, Säschalotten,  Schalotten.

JAPANESE :  エシャリオン  Esharion,  フランス  シャロット Furensu sharotto.

NORWEGIAN : Banansjalottløk.

SWEDISH :   Bananschalottenlök.

This is not a cultivar but a growing group of cultivars. Perhaps it should be considered as a sub-group of Aggregatum.  See also  notes


Photograph of small bulbs.

Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Figaro'

ENGLISH :  French banana shallot 'Figaro', Golden echalion 'Figaro'.

FRENCH :  Échalion 'Figaro'.


Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Red Legion'

ENGLISH :  Red banana shallot 'Red Legion', Red echalion 'Red Legion'.

Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Roderique'

ENGLISH :  Brown echalion 'Roderique'.


Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Sonkahagyma'

ENGLISH :  Hungarian banana shallot 'Sonkahagyma'.

FRENCH :  Échalion hongrois a chair blanche 'Sonkahagyma'.


Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Zébrune'

FRENCH :  Échalion Cuisse de Poulet du Poitou.

Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Golden Shallots'

SYNONYM(S) : Allium cepa L. cv. gr. Aggregatum   'Golden Shallots' , Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum (L.) Backer., Allium ascalonicum L., Allium ascalonicum Strand., Allium cepa L. var. ascalonicum (L.) Backer, Porrum ascalonicum Rchb.

ARABIC : Kurrâth abû shûshah.

BULGARIAN :    Лук шалот.

CHINESE  :  火葱   Huo cong, 而将胡葱  Ér jiāng hú cōng.

CROATIAN :  Kozjak,  Ljutica,  Luk kozjak,  Prava ljutika, Škanjola, Škanjula,  Trava ljutica.

CZECH :  Šalotka .

DANISH :   Skalotteløg,  Skalotte løg.

DUTCH : Sjalot, Sjalotten.

ENGLISH : Shallots, Golden shallots.

ESTONIAN :  Šalottsibul .

FINNISH : Salottisipuli.

FRENCH : Échalote commune, Échalote ordinaire, Échalote de Jersey, Échalote jaune paille.

GERMAN :  Aschlauch, Askalonzwiebel, Eschlauch, Pflanzschalotten,  Schalotte.

GREEK :   Άλλιον το κρόμμυον     Allion krommuon,  Aσκαλώνι  Askaloni.

HINDI :   एषलोट  Ēṣalōṭa, , छोटा प्याज़अ Chōṭā pyāza'a (Chootoa pyajha).

HUNGARIAN :  Mogyoróhagyma.

ITALIAN : Scalogno, Cipollina.

JAPANESE :   エシャレット  Esharetto (Esyaretto),   エシャロット  Esharotto.

HINDI :   Chota piyaz, Choti piyaz.

KHMER : Khtim kraham.

MALAY : Bawang merah.

NORWEGIAN :  Sjalottløk .

POLISH :  Czosnek askaloński , Czosnek szalotka,  Szalotka.

PORTUGUESE :   Cebola branca (Brazil), Cebola miuda (Brazil),  Cebolinha branca (Brazil), Cebolinha franceza, Chalota, Chalota Das Cosinhas (Brazil), Echalote.

RUSSIAN :      Лук шалот  Luk shalot,   Семейный лук  Semeinyi luk, Шалот Shalot. 

SERBIAN :  Ajma,  Ajmac,  Aljma,  Alma,  Ešluk,  Ljutika,  Luk kešero,  Luk kešerov,  Luk kozjak,  Prava ljutika,  Škalonja,  Trava ljutica,  Vlašac,  Vlašik.

SLOVENIAN :   Kozjek,  Lešnjačec,  Šalota, Šalotka, Skalonja,  Skalotovc.

SPANISH : Chalote, Escaluña, Chalote escalma, Ascalonia.

SWEDISH :   Schalottenlök,  Schalotten lôk.

TAGALOG : Sibuyas tagalog.

THAI :   หอม  Hom , หอม บัว   Hom bua, หอม แดง    Horm daeng (Horm dang).

VIETNAMESE :   Hành củ ,  Hành ta.

 

Photograph of several types and colours.

Types : Échalote de tradition   (German  Pflanzschalotten), Échalote de semis  (Danish Såskalotteløg, German Säschalotten, English Sown shallot).

 Sub-types of  Échalote de Jersey : Échalote ronde, Échalote rose, Échalote longue, Échalote 1/2 longue / Demi-longue / commune, Longue / Cuisse de Poulet, Grise,  Jaune, Rouge, Courte, Ronde.

See notes
Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Nanking Shallot'

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ascalonicum L. 'Nanking Shallot'

CHINESE :  Awaiting feedback.

JAPANESE : Awaiting feedback.

KOREAN :   쪽파    Jjok pa.


Photograph in Korea.
Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Hong Cong'

CHINESE  :  红葱   Hong cong.

ENGLISH :  Chinese red shallots, Small Chinese red onion.

Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)   'Perutile'

SYNONYM(S) : Allium cepa L. (Perutile Group), Allium cepa L. var. perutile hort.,  Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group) 'Everlasting'

CHINESE  : 四季葱   Sì jì cōng, 英四季葱 Yīng sì jì cōng.

ENGLISH : Bunching onion, Ever-lasting onion, Ever-ready onion, False Welsh onion.

FRENCH : Ciboule vivace, Oignon perpétuel, Oignon vivace.

GERMAN : Englischer Winterlauch, Ewige Zwiebel.


Allium cepa L.  (Aggregatum Group)  'Potato Onion'

SYNONYM(S) : Allium cepa L. cv. gr. Aggregatum   'Brown Potato Onion', Allium cepa L. var. multiplicans Bailey, Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum G. Don, Allium cepa L. var. solaninum Alef.

CHINESE   :  Fen sheng yuan cong. 

ENGLISH :  Hill onion, Mother onion, Multiplier onion, Potato onion, Pregnant onion.

FINNISH : Ryvaessipuli.

FRENCH : Oignon patate.

GERMAN : Kartoffelzwiebel.

POLISH :  Cebula kartoflanka.

PORTUGUESE : Cebola batata.

SPANISH : Cebolla patata, Cebolla subterranea.

See notes.


Photograph of plant at Ronnigers Potato Farm.

Photograph of  bulbs by James M. Stephens at the University of Florida, USA.

Types :   Red potato onion, White potato onion, Golden / Yellow / Brown potato onion.
Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group) 'Pran'
Jammu onion 'Pran', Kahmiri leek 'Pran', Kahmiri onion 'Pran', Triploid onion 'Pran'.



"Pran" means "Shallot" and  is most likely Allium × cornutum Clementi. Relatively recent DNA analysis have shown a closely related parentage between the Kashmiri onion, the Croatian 'Ljutika' and a number of Indian onions named after their respective growing regions. All would be Allium × cornutum Clementi

Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group)  'Red Sun'

CHINESE :  Xiao hong cong.

ENGLISH :   Red  shallot.

FRENCH :  Échalote rouge 'Red Sun'.   

PORTUGUESE :    Cebolha roxa.


Photograph 1 of bulbs.
Photograph 2 of bulbs from Bruno Nebelung - Kiepenkerl.



Allium cepa L. (Cepa Group)

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium cepa L., Porrum cepa Rchb.

ARABIC :   البصل  Bassal.

BENGALI :  Piaaj, Pinaaj.

BOSNIAN :  Crni luk, Crveni luk,  Ljetnji luk, Luk.

BURMESE :  Kyet thun ni.

CHINESE  :  洋葱   Yang cong,  圆葱 Yuan cong,   葱 头  Cong tou.

CROATIAN :  Crni luk, Crljenac, Crveni luk, Črlenec, Luk, Sijanac.

CZECH : Cibule, Cibule kuchyňská.

DANISH : Løg.

DUTCH : Ajuin, Ui.

ENGLISH : Onion, Brown onion, Common onion, Scallion (bulbless young onion).

FINNISH : Sipuli, Punasipuli ,  Ruokasipuli.

FRENCH : Oignon.

GERMAN :  Bolle, Gartenzwiebel,  Küchen Zwiebel,  Sommerzwiebel,  Speisezwiebel,  Zwiebel, Zwiebellauch.

GREEK :   Κρεμμύδι   Kremmydi.

HEBREW :   בצל   Bazal,  Besalim.

HINDI :  प्याज  Pyaaz (Pyāja, Pyaz),  प्याज संयंत्र  Pyāja sanyantra.

HUNGARIAN :   Hagyma,  Vöröshagyma.

ITALIAN : Cipolla.

JAPANESE :   タマネギ  Tama negi,   たまねぎ  Tama negi, 玉葱  Tama negi,  オニオン  Onion.

KHMER : Khtüm barang (Khtim baraing).

KOREAN :  양파  Yang pa.

LAOTIAN :  Bwàx fàlangx, Phak bouo.

MACEDONIAN :  Kokar.

MALAY : Bawang besar (Brunei), Bawang Bombay (Indonesia).

MALAYALAM :  Ulli.

MARATHI :  Kanda.

NEPALI : Pyaz.

NORWEGIAN :   Kepaløk.

ORIYA :  Piaja.

PERSIAN :  پیاز     Piyaaz.

POLISH : Cebula, Cebula jadalna, Cebula zwyczajna, Czosnek cebula.

PORTUGUESE : Cebola.

PUNJABI :  Peyaz.

RUSSIAN :  Лук репчатый  Luk repchatyi (Luk repčatyj).

SANSKRIT :  Palandu.

SERBIAN :    Arpadžik, Crni luk , Crni lukac , Crvenac , Crveni luk , Glavata ljutika , Kapula , Kromid , Kromit , Kromiti luk , Luk , Lukac , Mrki luk , Sejanac , Sijanac , Voćak.

SINHALESE :  Lunu.

SLOVAK :   Cibuľa, Cibuľa kuchynská.

SLOVENIAN :   Čebul, Čebula.

SPANISH : Cebolla, Cebolla macho.

SWAHILI :  Kitunguu .

SWEDISH : Lök, Vanlig lök, Vitlök.

TAGALOG : Sibuyas.

TAMIL :  Vengayam, வெண்காயம்  Venkaayam.

TELUGU :  Nirulli.

THAI :   ต้นปะเซอก่อ Dton bpa ser gor, ต้นหอมหัวใหญ่  Dton hom hua yai,  หอมฝรั่ง Hom farang,   หอม ใหญ่ Hom yai,  หอม หัวใหญ่ Hom huayai, หัวหอม Hŭa hŏm.

URDU :  پیاز     Pyaaz.

VIETNAMESE :   Củ hành tây,   Hành tây.

Allium cepa L. (Cepa Group) 'Rossa Lunga di Firenze'

ENGLISH :  Florence spindle-shaped red onion.

FRENCH : Onion 'Rouge Long de Florence'.

GERMAN :  Lauchzwiebeln 'Rote von Florenz'.

ITALIAN :   Cipolla Rossa Lunga di Firenze.


Image  from Bruno Nebelung - Kiepenkerl.

Allium cepa L. var. cepa

This is listed in the USDA  - GRIN  Database as the preferred name for the cultivated onion, but it does not feel correct. The group above appears more in line with the current trends.

Allium cepa L. var. perutile hort.

SYNONYM(S) : Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group) 'Everlasting',  Allium cepa L. (Aggregatum Group) 'Perutile'

CHINESE  : Si ji cong.  

ENGLISH : Bunching onion, Ever-lasting onion, Ever-ready onion, False Welsh onion.

FRENCH : Ciboule vivace.

GERMAN : Englischer Winterlauch, Ewige Zwiebel.


 
This could well be Allium lusitanum.

Allium cepiforme G. Don

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium ascalonicum L. var. chinense Kunth.

CHINESE :  Hong cong tou,    香葱     Xiang cong,   Xiao hong cong.

ENGLISH :   Chinese shallot, Small fleshy onion, Fire onion, Four season onion, All year round onion, Year-round onion, Chinese scallion, Small red onion, Chinese green onion, Red small-bulbed Chinese onion.

FRENCH : Onion petit rouge de Chine.

JAPANESE :  アカワケギ     Aka wakegi,   赤ワケギ  Aka wakegi.

MALAY :   Bawang merah.

VIETNAMESE :   Củ hành đỏ ,  Củ hành nhỏ .


This is probably what the Cantonese people living in Melbourne - Australia refer to as "Hong cong tou " or "Hong tou cong" in Cantonese and "Chinese shallot"  in English. We had previously failed to identify correctly this little red onion thinking it may have been  Allium ledebourianum. It is  indeed closely related to the true shallot.

Photograph in Japan.
Allium cernuum Roth.

DUTCH :  Amerikaanse look.

ENGLISH :  Lady's leek, Nodding onion.

FRENCH :  Ail penché.

RUSSIAN :  Лук поникающий   Luk ponikaiushchii,   Лук склоненный    Luk sklonennyi


Photograph of flower (close-up) by Keir Morse.
Photographs by Mark McDonough on the bottom of his page American Alliums - Gallery 1.

Allium chinense G.Don.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot,  Allium bakeri Regel, Allium martini H. Léveillé & Vaniot

CHINESE   :  葱和薤  Cong ying xie,  茭头  Jiao tou, 蕌头  , 蕌头薤 ,   和薤  Ying xie.

ENGLISH :   Small angled chives, Kiangsi scallion, Chinese chives, Chinese onion, Kiangsi shallot.

JAPANESE :  "エ シャレット  Esharetto",     花ラッキョウ   Hana rakkyou (ingredient - processed bulb of tama rakkyo, trimmed at both ends),   島らっきょう   Shima rakkyou,    タ マラッキョウ   Tama rakkyou.

KOREAN :  염 교  Yeom kyo.

SPANISH : Cebollino de la China.

THAI :  Hom prang,  กระเทียมจีน  Krathiam chin.

VIETNAMESE :   Awaiting feedback.

Listed by some authors as a synonym of  Allium bakeri Regel


Photograph of flower (close-up) at Miyakyo University, Japan.
Photograph of flower & leaves in Japan.
Photograph of bulbs 1  in Japan.
Photograph of bulbs 2  in Japan.
Photograph of processed bulbs in Japan.


Allium cordifolium J. M. Xu

CHINESE :   心叶韭  Xin ye jiu.
Allium × cornutum Clementi

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium lusitanicum auct., Allium lusitanicum Lam. nom. illeg. (misapplied) , Allium lusitanum J. Vilm. 

CHINESE  :   圣让葱  Shèng ràng cōng,  四季葱  Sì jì cōng.

DANISH :  St. Jean løg.

DUTCH :  Sint Jan's ui. 

ENGLISH :  Perennial chives, Perennial green onion, Perennial spring onion, Perennial onion, Perennial welsh onion,  Portugal onion, St. John's onion, Triploid onion.

FRENCH :  Ail du Portugal, Ciboule à multiplication végétative, Ciboule vivace, Ciboule de St-Jacques, Ciboule de St-Jean, Ciboule du Portugal, Ciboule jaune de la Drôme (cultivar), Cive du Poitou (cultivar), Cive rouge antillaise (cultivar), Cive vivace vierge, Civette de St-Jacques,  Echalotte perpétuelle, Oignon de Saint-Jean.

GERMAN  :  Berg-Lauch., Fleischlauch, Jakobslauch, Johannislauch, Johanniszwiebel, Portugiesische Schnittlauch.

ITALIAN :  Cipolla spagnola.

JAPANESE :   多年生のチャイブ  Tanensei no chaibu,   多年生の玉ねぎ  Tanensei no tamanegi.

PORTUGUESE :  Cebolinha, Cebolinha verde.

SPANISH :  "Cebolla multiplicadora", "Cebollín" (Cuba), "Cebollinos".

SWEDISH :  St. Jean lök.




Barely any description is to be found on the internet (in 2012) for this taxon, and it is obvious that both gardeners and academics alike are totally confused as to the true identity of this species.  "Ciboule de St-Jacques"  is as old as the crusades of the 1100’s. The legend tells of crusaders carrying some of those plants with them as a rare but reliable living green food. It has been recorded accurately in the French literature (apart from the scientific name) but nowhere else it would seem. It was formally recorded as Allium lusitanum  by  Vilmorin-Andrieux in 1925. Subseqently confused with Allium lusitanicum by most authors. Both "lusitanum" and "lusitanicum"  mean "Portuguese" or  "from Portugal". However the valid name Allium lusitanicum Lam. (1783)  is already used for a flat-leaved allium which flowers and in fact is exploited for its ornamental leaves and flowers. It has been confused with the Perutile onion (Allium cepa L. var. perutile Stearn) from the British Isles going back to as early as 1633. It has been described as a form of Allium fistulosum, that never flowers.
 In 2013 the name Allium × cornutum Clementi has began to appear in the specialized literature.
Its cylindrical leaves of a medium size are larger than the Chive, smaller than the bunching onion but with a much stronger taste. It is mostly used as a green onion, like chives, sometimes as the Welsh onion or the Japanese bunching onion : whole (leaves and bulbs). Based on our experience in the field, this plant never flowers and grows 11 months of the year, with a natural dormancy of 3 to 4 weeks in summer, longer in exceptionally dry conditions, therefore alterable. It has a remarkable survival capacity and is propagated exclusively by division of its small elongated bulbs. I once kept a bunch of bulbs with attached leaves on top of a black plastic sheet for several weeks, exposed to the sun, and in the middle of our 12 year drought. When the drought broke the plants responded and grew. Some test! hard to believe! but it certainly proved the point that indeed the crusaders may well have been happy to rely on this plant for survival. Not all is well however because some anecdotal reports have alleged that Allium × cornutum Clementi flowers.
Allium × cornutum Clementi  'Ciboule de la Drôme'

FRENCH :  Ciboule vivace de la Drôme.
Allium × cornutum Clementi 'Ciboule de Saint-Jacques'

FRENCH :  Ciboule vivace.
Allium × cornutum Clementi 'Cive du Poitou'


Allium × cornutum Clementi  'Cive Jaune Antillaise'

FRENCH :  Cive jaune des Antilles Francaises.

Allium × cornutum Clementi  'Cive Rouge Antillaise'

FRENCH :  Cive rouge Antillaise, Cive rouge des Antilles Francaises, Cive rouge de Guadeloupe.


Allium × cornutum Clementi  'Ljutika'

ENGLISH : Croatian onion 'Ljutika', Triploid Croatian onion 'Ljutika'


Allium × cornutum Clementi  'Pran'

ENGLISH : Jammu onion 'Pran', Kahmiri leek 'Pran', Kahmiri onion 'Pran', Triploid onion 'Pran'.


Allium × cornutum Clementi 'Poonch'

ENGLISH :  Indian onion 'Poonch', Kahmiri onion 'Poonch'


Allium × cornutum Clementi  'Srinagar'

ENGLISH :  Indian onion  'Srinagar',  Kahmiri leek 'Srinagar'.
Allium fistulosum L.

SYNONYM(S) : Allium bouddhae O. Debeaux, Allium bakeri Hoop. non Regel, Porrum fistulosum Schur.,

ARABIC :   بصل ويلز .

BULGARIAN :    Лук батун.

CHINESE   :  葱 Cong, 大 葱  Da cong,  大蔥   Da cong (Taiwan).

DANISH :  Forårsløg ,  Grønt løg.

DUTCH :  Groene uien,  Grof bieslook, Grove bieslook, Pijpajuin, Pijplook, Bieslook.

ENGLISH : Bunching onion, Japanese bunching onion, Welsh onion, Spanish onion, "Spring onion", Scallion, Multiplier onion, Two bladed onion, Stone leek, Rock onion, Fistular onion, Scallions, Salad onion.

FINNISH : Pillisipuli , Talvisipuli.

FRENCH : Ciboule, Cive.

GERMAN :  Frühlingszwiebel, Immergrüne Zwiebel, Röhrenlauch, Schnittzwiebel, Welsche Zwiebel, Winterhecke, Winterhecke-Zwiebel, Winterhecken-Zwiebel, Winterzwiebel, Zwiebel Winterhecke.

GREEK :   Βολβίνα   Volvina.

ITALIAN : Cipolla d'inverno, Cipoletta.

JAPANESE :   ネギ  Negi , ねぎ  Negi,  細ネギ.

KHMER : Khtüm sânlök ( Khtim slek).

KOREAN :  파  Pa.

MALAY : Daun bawang, Bawang daun (Indonesia), Bawang bakung (a cv. gr. in Java), Bawang cina (a cv. gr. in Java), Bawang daun (a cv. gr. in Java), Bawang oncang (Java).

NORWEGIAN :   Pipelauk.

POLISH :   Cebula siedmiolatka,  Czosnek dęty.

PORTUGUESE : Cebolinha commun.

RUSSIAN :     Лук батун  Luk batun,  Лук дудчатый  Luk dudcatyi.

SLOVENIAN :  Zimski luk.

SPANISH :  Ajo fistuloso,  Ceboletta, Ceboletta comun, Cebolleta francesa, Cebollino inglès.

SUNDANESE : Bawang bakung.

TAGALOG : Buyah (Ifugao), Sibuyas na mura.

THAI :  ต้นหอม Dtôn hŏm,   หอม ต้นเดี่ยว  Hŏm dtôn dìeow ,  หอมจีน  Hom chin,   Hom meng, Hom ton.

VIETNAMESE :  Hành lá.     


Photograph of  early seedhead.


Allium fistulosum L. ‘Blanche Hâtive’

FRENCH :  Ciboule ‘Blanche Hâtive’.

Allium fistulosum L. var. caespitosum Makino ->  Allium x wakegii Araki

Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino

CHINESE :  大葱  Da cong.

FRENCH :  Ciboule géante du Japon, Poireau japonais.

JAPANESE : Oo negi, Shimonita negi,  長ネギ.



Photograph in Japan.

Allium fistulosum L. var. viviparum Makino

CHINESE :   以及楼葱.

JAPANESE :     ヤグラネギ  Yagura negi,  櫓葱   Yagura negi.

FRENCH :   Ciboule bulbifere.


Photograph of top bulblets  in Japan.
Photograph by Kurt Stüber in Germany.

Allium flavum L.

ENGLISH :  Small yellow onion.

FRENCH :  Ail jaune.

GERMAN :  Gelber Lauch, Gelber Hänge-Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio giallo.

RUSSIAN :     Лук жёлтый  Luk zheltyi.

SPANISH :  Ajo amarillo.


Photographs at "SOPHY".

Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum
Allium flavum L. subsp. tauricum (Besser ex Rchb.) Stearn

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum var. tauricum Besser ex Rchb., Allium flavum L. var. tauricum Besser ex Rchb.,  Allium paczoskianum Tuzson,  Allium tauricum (Besser ex Rchb.) Grossh.,  Allium pulchellum auct., non Don
Allium giganteum Regel

DUTCH :  Reuzenlook.

ENGLISH :  Giant allium, Giant onion, Ornamental onion.

FINNISH :  Jättilaukka.

FRENCH :  Ail décoratif , Oignon géant.

GERMAN :  Riesen-Lauch, Zierlauch.

JAPANESE :  アリウム・ギガンテウム   Ariumu giganteumu.

PORTUGUESE :   Cebola ornamental.

RUSSIAN :     Лук гигантский   Luk gigantskii.

SWEDISH :  Jättelök.

Photograph of flowers.
Photograph of flowers at  Kyoto Shimbun Co. Ltd.
3 Photographs (large) at  Plant Systematics ( www.PlantSystematics.org ).

Allium grayi Regel    ->   Allium macrostemon Bunge


Allium grisellum J. M. Xu

CHINESE :    灰皮薤   Hui pi xie.

Could this be a synonym of the French grey shallot Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch. also called "griselle"  ?  

Allium ledebourianum Schult. & Schult. f.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ledebourianum Roem. & Schult.,  Allium schoenoprasum L. var. foliosum Regel, Allium uliginosum Ledeb. non G. Don

CHINESE  :  硬皮葱  Ying pi cong, 麥蔥  Mai cong  (Taiwan).  

ENGLISH :  Giant Siberian chives.

GERMAN : Zierlauch.

JAPANESE :   アサツキ  Asatsuki, イトネギ  Ito negi, センボンワケギ.

RUSSIAN :   Лук Ледебура  Luk Ledebura.


Photograph of flowers (close-up) in Japan  by H. Omori.
Photograph of flower (close-up) in Japan.
Photograph1 of bulbs in Japan.
Photograph 2 of bulbs in Japan.

Allium longicuspis Regel

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium sativum L. (Longicuspis Group)

ENGLISH :  Russian wild garlic.

GERMAN :  Spitzer Lauch.

RUSSIAN :  Dlinno ostrokonetschji,   Лук длинноостроконечный  Luk dlinnoostrokonechnyy.

Allium lusitanicum Lam.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium fallax Schult. & Schult. f.,  Allium montanum F.W. Schmidt, non Schrank, Allium senescens L. subsp. montanum (Fries) Holub, Allium senescens L. subsp. montanum (Fries) J. Holub, Allium senescens L. subsp. montanum (F.W. Schultz) J. Holub, Allium senescens L. subsp. montanum (F.W. Schmidt) Holub

DUTCH :  Berglook.

FRENCH : Ail de Lusitanie, Ail des collines, Ail des montagnes, Ail du Portugal, Ail trompeur.

GERMAN :  Berg-Lauch.

ITALIAN : Aglio montano.

NORWEGIAN :  Kantlauk.

POLISH : Czosnek sinawy, Czosnek skalny.

RUSSIAN :   Лук горный    Luk gornyi.



Photographs of plant , flower (close-up) and leaves (close-up) by Błażej Gierczyk  in Atlas-Roslin. Poland.
Photograph by A. Mrkvicka.
Photograph (close-up) in Poland. 
Photograph of flower (close-up) in Galleria Fotografica dei Fiori e delle Piante delle Regioni italiane AMINT.
Photograph of flower (close-up) at Florenligne.



Allium lusitanicum L. non Lam.

FRENCH :  Ciboule vivace.

SERBIAN :  Janska cibule.

Possibly from the Eveready Group. This botanical name is not recognized by every author.


Allium lusitanum J. Vilm. 

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium lusitanicum Lam. nom. illeg. (misapplied)

DUTCH :  Awaiting feedback.

ENGLISH :  Perennial welsh onion,  Portugal onion.

FRENCH :  Ail du Portugal, Ciboules à multiplication végétative, Ciboule vivace, Ciboule de St-Jacques, Ciboule de St-Jean, Ciboule du Portugal, Ciboule jaune de la Drôme (cultivar), Cive du Poitou (cultivar), Cive rouge antillaise (cultivar), Civette de St-Jacques,  Echalotte perpétuelle.

GERMAN  :  Berg-Lauch., Fleischlauch, Jakobslauch, Johannislauch, Portugiesische Schnittlauch.

ITALIAN :  Cipolla spagnola.

PORTUGUESE : Cebolinha.
 

 
This valuable plant is still in search of stable identity. Named Allium lusitanum  by  Vilmorin-Andrieux in 1925, it has been wrongly called Allium lusitanicum by most authors. Both "lusitanum" and "lusitanicum"  mean "Portuguese" or  "from Portugal". However the valid name Allium lusitanicum Lam. (1783)  is already used for a flat-leaved allium wich flowers and in fact is exploited for its ornamental leaves and flowers. "Ciboule de St-Jacques" on the other hand has round leaves like chives and like the true shallot, never flowers. Its value is in its survival capacity and culinary qualities.
Apart from the French language, no other language seems to have specific vernacular name for this species…unless this is the perutile onion from the British Isles going back to as early as 1633.


Allium macranthum Baker

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium oviflorum Regel,  Allium simethis H. Léveillé & Giraudias

CHINESE  :   大花韭    Da hua jiu.


Allium macrostemon Bunge

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium grayi Regel,  Allium grayi  Regel var. chanetii (H. Léveillé) H. Léveillé,  Allium iatasen H. Léveillé,  Allium nereidum Hance,  Allium nipponicum Franch. & Sav,  Allium. ouensanense Nakai,  Allium  uratense Franchet

CHINESE :   薤白   Xie bai,   Xiao gen suan,    山蒜   Shan suan (Taiwan).

ENGLISH :  Wild chive.

JAPANESE :  ノビル  No biru.

KOREAN :  달래  Dal lae,  산달래     San dal lae.


Photographs at  Miyagi University

Allium maximowiczii Regel

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ledeborianum auct. non L., Allium schoenoprasum L. var. orientale Regel

CHINESE :   马葱   Ma cong.

GERMAN :   Orientalischer Schnittlauch.

JAPANESE :  シロウマアサツキ  Shirouma asatsuki.

RUSSIAN :     Лук Максимовича   Luk Maksimovitsa.
Allium moly L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium luteum auc, Allium moly Griseb. & Schur ex Regel, Allium moly  Ucria

ARABIC :    حَرْمَل أبيض   Ḥarmal abyaḍ.

DUTCH :  Gele sierui, Goudlook.

ENGLISH :   Golden garlic, Lily leek, Moly, Yellow onion.

FINNISH :  Keltasipuli.

FRENCH :  Ail doré,  Ail d'Espagne.

GERMAN :  Goldlauch, Pyrenäen-Gold-Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio dorato.

JAPANESE :  アリウム・モー リー   Ariumu moorii.

POLISH :  Czosnek południowy.

RUSSIAN :   Лук Моля   Luk Molia,  Лук золотистый  Luk zolotistyi.

SPANISH :  Ajo dorado.


 Beautiful photograph of leaves and flowers at Vitsyebsk Botanical Garden.
Photograph of flowers (close-up) by Paghat.
Photograph in Japan .

Allium monanthum Max.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium monanthum Max. var. floribundum Z. J. Zhong & X. T. Huang

 ENGLISH : Wild chive.

CHINESE :    单花薤      Dan hua xie.

KOREAN :  달 래  Dal lae.


 Photographs at Miyagi University.
Allium narcissiflorum Vill.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium pedemontanum Willd.

ENGLISH :   Lily leek, Moly, Yellow onion.

FRENCH :   Ail à feuilles de narcisse,   Ail à fleurs de narcisse.

GERMAN :  Narzissenlauch, Piemonteser Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio piemontese.

RUSSIAN :   Лук нарциссоцветковый  Luk nartsissotsvetkovyi.


Photographs at "SOPHY".

Allium neapolitanum Cirillo      ->  Allium 2
Allium nigrum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium multibulbosum Jacq.

ENGLISH :   Black garlic,  Broadleaf garlic. 

FRENCH :  Ail des Indes, Ail noir, Ail de Chine, Ail magique, Ciboule de Chine, Ciboulette de Chine .

GERMAN :  Schwarzer Lauch,  Zwiebelreicher Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio  maggiore.

SPANISH :  Ajo negro.

RUSSIAN :  Лук черный   Luk chernyi.

4 Photographs (large) at  Plant Systematics ( www.PlantSystematics.org ).
Photographs at "SOPHY".


Allium nutans L.

CHINESE :    齿丝山韭    Chi si shan jiu.

ENGLISH :  Siberian garlic chives.

GERMAN :  Nickender Lauch.

RUSSIAN :  Лук поникающий   Luk ponikaiushchii, Лук слизун  Luk slizun.

Allium odoratum L.

ENGLISH :  Sweet-scented onion.

RUSSIAN :  Лук душистый  Luk dushistyi.

THAI :  กุ๊ยไช่ .

Allium odorum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  "Allium odoratum L.", "Allium tartaricum L.", "Allium ramosum L.".

CHINESE  :  Jiu cai hua,   Nian hua,   Nian hua jiu cai,  (Nìhn fà gáu choi, Nin fa kau ts'oi  - Hong Kong).

ENGLISH :   Fragrant-flowered garlic, Flowering garlic chives, Flowering leek, Flowering stem chives.

GERMAN :  Ausdauernder Lauch, Schnittporree.

RUSSIAN :  Лук душистый   Luk dushistyi (Luk dušistyj).

VIETNAMESE :   Hẹ, Rau hẹ. 

Listed by some authors as a synonym of Allium tuberosum Rottl.ex K.Spreng. others think Allium odorum auct., non L. ought to be the correct authority for the synonym, not Allium odorum L.

Allium oleraceum L.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium carinatum Sm, Allium complanatum (Fr.) Boreau, Allium intermedium G. Don, Allium oleraceum L. var. complanatum Fr., Allium virens Lam., Allium virescens DC.

DUTCH :  Moeslook

FINNISH :  Nurmilaukka.

FRENCH :  Ail des jardins.

GERMAN :  Gemüse - Lauch (Austria), Glocken - Lauch (Austria), Kindel Schnittlauch,  Kohl-Lauch, Roß-Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio selvatico.

NORWEGIAN :  Villauk.

POLISH :    Czosnek zielonawy.

RUSSIAN :   Лук полевой  Luk polevoi.

SERBIAN :   Divlji luk, Poljski luk, Vlašac, Zmijin luk.

SLOVENIAN :  Zelenjadni luk.

SWEDISH :  Backlök.

Photograph of flower by Razvan Chisu in Romania..
Photographs of more advanced inflorescence at Botanik im Bild, Austria.
Allium oschaninii O. Fedtsch.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium cepa L. var. sylvestre Regel

CHINESE :    灰皮薤   Hui pi xie.

ENGLISH :  French grey shallot, Grey shallot.

FRENCH :   Échalote grise, Échalote grise sauvage, Échalote grise vraie, Griselle.

GERMAN :  Graue Schalotte.

JAPANESE :  アリウム・オスカニニ Ariumu osukanini.

RUSSIAN :  Лук Ошанина  Luk Oshanina  (Luk Ošanina).

SPANISH :  Chalota gris.



Photograph of the precious bulb (top of image) compared with normal golden shallot at Toile d'Epices.
Photograph in Germany.


Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mazz.

CHINESE   :   卵叶韭  .
Allium paniculatum L. 

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium paniculatum L. subsp. intermedium (DC.) Ciferri & Giacomini

ENGLISH :  Mediterranean onion, Panicled onion.

RUSSIAN :    Лук метельчатый   Luk metel'chatyi.

 SLOVENIAN :  Latasti luk.


Photographs at C.D.F.A.



This plant is sometimes confused with either the "Pearl-onion" or the "Poireau perpétuel" both forming underground  bulblets and both from the Allium ampeloprasum L. species but from different groups.

Allium paniculatum L. subsp. pallens (L.) K. Richter  ->  Allium coppoleri Tineo

Allium paniculatum L. subsp. paniculatum 

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium intermedium DC. ,  Allium pallens L. subsp. paniculatum (L.) Arcangeli
Allium polyanthum Schult. & Schult. f.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium multiflorum DC.,  Allium polyanthum  Willk

ENGLISH :  Perennial leek.

FRENCH :  Poireau des vignes,  Poireau vivace à bulbes.

GERMAN :  Polyanthum-Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio polianto.

SPANISH :   Ajo polianto, Ajo porro, Puerro de las viñas, Puerro silvestre.


Could this be the wild leek Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum  ? or is Allium polyanthum  Willk  a synonym of a different taxon ?  Feedback welcome
Allium porrum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ampeloprasum L. (Porrum Group), Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum (L.) J. Gay., Porrum sativum Mill., Porrum commune Rchb.

ARABIC :   كُرَّات رومى    Kurrāt rūmī.

BOSNIAN :   Pori luk, Prasa,  Praziluk.

BULGARIAN :   Праз  Praz.

CHINESE   :  韭葱  Jiu cong,  韭蔥  Jiu cong (Taiwan), Ou zhou jiu, Xi yang cong, 洋蔥   Yang cong (Taiwan).

CROATIAN :   Glavati purić, Luk, Luk purić, Luk-por, Naljutka, Perati luk, Poljski češnjak, Pori luk, Porić, Porjak, Porluk, Prasluk, Praziluk, Prazluk, Prdeći žbun, Purić, Purić luk, Purjak.

DUTCH :  Prei.

ENGLISH : Leek, English leek, European leek.

FINNISH : Purjo, Purjosipuli.

FRENCH : Poireau, Porreau.

GERMAN : Aschlauch, Breitlauch, Fleischlauch, Gartenlauch, Gemüse-Lauch, Porree, Porree Lauch, Spanischer Lauch, Suppen-Lauch, Winter-Lauch,  Winterlauch

GREEK :  Πράσο  Praso.

HINDI :  हरे प्याज़ का पौधा  Harē pyāza kā paudhā.

ITALIAN : Porro.

JAPANESE :  ニラネ ギ  Nira negi,   リー キ  Riiki,  セイヨウネギ  Seiyou negi,  長ネギ.

KHMER : Khtüm khchâl.

KOREAN :   리이크  .

LAOTIAN : Pèènz fàlangx.

MALAY : Bawang prei, Bawang sayuran (Indonesia).

POLISH : Por, Czosnek por.

PORTUGUESE :  Alho francês, Alho porro.

RUSSIAN :   Лук порей  Luk porei  (Luk porej).

SERBIAN :   Čapljan, Čapljani luk, Luk, Por, Porik, Pras, Prasji luk, Praz, Praziluk, Purjan, Zeleni luk.

SLOVENIAN :    Lok, Por.

SPANISH : Puerro, Ajo porro.

THAI :   กระเทียมหอม Grà tiam hŏm,   กระเทียม ต้น    Krathiam ton (Central Thailand), Krathiam tai (Chiang Mai).

TURKISH :  Pırasa.

VIETNAMESE :   Poa-rô hành (partly transl. from French "poireau"), Tỏi  tây. 

VISAYAN : Sibuyas bisaya.


Allium porrum L. 'Poireau perpétuel '

ENGLISH :   Bulbiferous leek, Perennial leek, Perpetual leek.

FRENCH :  Faux poireau, Poireau d’été, Poireau bulbeux, Poireau perpétuel,  Poireau perpétuel à  gousses.


This is Allium ampeloprasum. See under Allium ampeloprasum L. subsp. ampeloprasum (Sectivum Group)


Allium prattii C. H. Wright ex Hemsley

SYNONYM(S) :    Allium cannifolium H. Léveillé,  Allium prattii C. H. Wright var. ellipticum F. T. Wang & T. Tang,  Allium prattii C. H. Wright var. vinicolor F. T. Wang & T. Tang,  Allium victorialis L. var. angustifolium J. D. Hooker.

CHINESE :   太白山葱     Tai bai shan cong,  Tai bai jiu,  野葱 Ye cong (Herb).

ENGLISH : Pratt onion.



Allium x proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium cepa L.  (Proliferum Gruppe) 'Viviparum',  Allium cepa L. cv. viviparum (Metzg.) Alef., Allium cepa L. cv. viviparum (Metzg.) Mansf.,  Allium cepa L. var. bulbelliferum Bailey, Allium cepa L. var. bulbiferum Regel, Allium cepa L. var. proliferum (Moench) Aschers et Graebner, Allium cepa L. var. proliferum (Moench) Regel, Allium cepa L. var. proliferum Targioni-Tozzetti, Allium cepa L. var. proliferum Allioni, Allium cepa L. var. proliferum Regel, Allium cepa L. var. viviparum Metzger ex Alefeld, Allium proliferum Schrad ex Willd., Allium × proliferum  (Eurasian Group)

CHINESE  :  红葱   Hong cong.

ENGLISH :  Tree onion, Walking onion.

POLISH :  Cebula wielopiętrowy.

RUSSIAN :   Лук многоярусный   Luk mnogoiarusnyi  (Luk mnogojarusnyj).



Believed to be the cross: Allium cepa × Allium fistulosum


Allium x proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd. 'Catawissa Onion'

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium × proliferum  (Eurasian Group) 'Catawissa onion'

CHINESE  :   Da zhu ya yuan cong.

ENGLISH : Catawissa onion, Canadian onion.

FRENCH :  Oignon catawissa.

GERMAN : Catawissa-Zwiebel.


Apart from the right or wrong of the botanical names, authors of the past such as Prof. D. Bois distinguished between this and the more common and smaller Egyptian onion. Perhaps they should be considered as two distinguished cultivars of the same kind (group) of onion. This is what we have done here.

Allium x proliferum (Moench) Schrad. ex Willd. (Eurasian Group) 'Egyptian Onion'

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium × proliferum  (Eurasian Group) 'Egyptian onion'

CHINESE   :  Mu cong,  Zhu ya yuan cong .

DANISH :  Etage-løg.

DUTCH :   Egyptische ui.

ENGLISH : Egyptian onion, Walking onion, Top onion, Tree onion, Rocambole onion.

FRENCH :  Oignon d'Egypte.

GERMAN :  Ägyptische Zwiebel, Etagenzwiebel, Johanniszwiebel, Luftzwiebel.

HINDI :  मिस्र प्याज  Misra pyāja.

FINNISH :  Ilmasipuli.

POLISH :  Cebula wielopiętrowy.


Photograph  of bulblets by Rolv Hjelmstad.
Photograph of top of plant at Dave's Garden.

Considered by modern authors as a synonym of the Catawissa onion. See note above.


Allium ramosum L.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium odorum L., Allium potaninii Regel, Allium tataricum L. f., Allium lancipetalum Y. P. Hsu, Allium weichanicum Palib.

CHINESE :  野韭   Ye jiu,  Xi bo li ya xi cong.

ENGLISH : Siberian chives.

GERMAN :  Chinesische Chives,  Wohlriechend-geblühter Knoblauch.

RUSSIAN :  Лук татарка  Luk tatarka (as A. tataricum),  Лук ветвистый   Luk vetvistyi.


Allium roseum L.

BOSNIAN :   Divlji luk,  Pasji luk.

CROATIAN :   Lukovać.

ENGLISH :  Rosy garlic.

FRENCH :   Ail rose, Ail rosé .

GERMAN :  Rosenlauch, Rosiger Knoblauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio roseo.

POLISH :  Czosnek różowy.

RUSSIAN :   Лук розовый  Luk rosovyi.

SERBIAN :   Divlji luk.

SLOVENIAN :  Rožnati luk.

SPANISH :  Ajo rosado.


Photograph of  flower close-up on Wikipedia.
Photographs at "SOPHY".

Allium roylei Stearn

ENGLISH :  Himalayas wild allium.

GERMAN : Wilde Lauch.


Allium sativum L.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium pekinense Prokhanov

ARABIC :   ثوم   Thawm, Thoum, Thum, Toom, Toum, Saum.

ARMENIAN : Սխտոր   Sekhdor.

BENGALI :  রসুন  Rasun.

BULGARIAN :   Чесън.

BURMESE : Chyet thon phew.

CHINESE   :   蒜  Suan,    大蒜  Da suan (medicinal name),   Da suan tou (garlic bulb).

CROATIAN :  Češnjak.

DANISH : Hvidløg.

DUTCH : Knoflook.

ENGLISH :  Garlic, Common garlic.

FINNISH : Valkosipuli.

FRENCH : Ail, Ail blanc, Ail commun, Ail cultivé, Ail de printemps, Ail sans bâton, Ail rose sans bâton.

GERMAN :  Echter Knoblauch, Knoblauch, Gemeiner Knoblauch, Gewöhnlicher Knoblauch.

GREEK :   Σκόρδα Skorda,   Σκόρδο  Skordo,  Skordon, Skortho. 

GUJARATI :  લસણ .

HEBREW :      שום     Shoum, Shum.

HINDI :   लहसुन  Lahasun,  लहसन  Lahsan, Larsan, Lasun.

ITALIAN : Aglio, Aglio comune.

JAPANESE :  ガーリック Gaarikku,   ニ ンニク Ninniku.
KANNADA :  ಬೆಳ್ಳುಳ್ಳಿ Bellulli,  ಲಶುನ  Lashuna.

KHMER : Khtüm sââ.

KOREAN :  마늘  Ma nul (Ma neul).

LAOTIAN : Kath'ièm.

MADURESE : Bhabang poté.

MALAY : Bawang putih (Indonesia, Java), Bawang puteh.

MALAYALAM : Vallaipundu.

MARATHI :   लसूण  Lasuun.

NEPALESE :  लसुन   Lasun.

NORWEGIAN : Hvitløk.

PERSIAN :   سیر     Seer, Sir.

POLISH : Czosnek, Czosnek pospolity.

PORTUGUESE : Alho.

PUNJABI :  ਲਸੂਣ  Lasun,   ਲਸਣ  Lasan.

RUSSIAN :  Лук-чеснок   Luk chesnok,  Чеснок  Chesnok, Лук посевной  Luk posevnoi.

SANSKRIT :  लशुनम्   Lashunaa.

SERBIAN : Beli luk.

SINHALESE : Sudulunu.

SLOVENIAN :   Česen.

SPANISH : Ajo, Ajo comun, Ajo vulgar.

SUNDANESE : Bawang bodas.

SWAHILI :  Kitunguu saumu.

SWEDISH : Vitlök, Vitloek, Hvitlök.

TAGALOG : Bawang.

TAMIL : Vellaypoondoo, வெள்ளைப்பூண்டு  Vellaippuuntu, Wullaypoondoo.
TELUGU :  వెల్లుల్లి  Vellulli.

THAI :  กระเทียม   Krathiam, Hom tiam.

TURKISH :   Sarımsak,  Sarmesak, Sarmusak.

URDU :   لھسن  Lehsun.

VIETNAMESE :  Tỏi.

VISAYAN : Ahos, Ahus.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Allium pekinense Prokhanov, Allium sativum L. subsp. sativum, Allium sativum L. var. sativum, Allium sativum L. var. typicum Regel

ENGLISH : Soft-necked garlic.

FRENCH :  Ail à tige molle, Ail blanc, Ail de printemps, Ail violet.

GERMAN :  Gemeiner Knoblauch.

RUSSIAN :  Ярового чеснока  Yarovogo chesnoka.


Types or subgroups (American classification) :  Artichoke and Silverskin.  Example of cultivars for each subgroup are given below.


Photograph of several cultivars at  Gourmet Garlic Gardens.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'California Early'

ENGLISH :   Artichoke garlic 'California Early'.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'California Late'

ENGLISH :   Artichoke garlic 'California Early'.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Chinese Purple'

ENGLISH :  Artichoke turban garlic  'Chinese Purple'.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Fructidor '

ENGLISH :   Heritage garlic 'Fructidor'. 

FRENCH :  Ail de terroir 'Fructidor', Ail certifié 'Fructidor'.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Printanor '

FRENCH :    Ail certifié 'Printanor'.

Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Rose du Var '

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Rosé du Var ', Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Rosé de Brignoles ', Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Rose de Provence'

CHINESE :   Ying pi suan tou.

ENGLISH :  Softneck garlic - Silverskin group 'Rose du Var', Silverskin garlic 'Rose du Var'.

FRENCH :  Ail de terroir 'Rose du Var', Ail certifié 'Rose du Var', Ail des tresses 'Rose du Var' .


Allium sativum L. (Sativum Group) 'Violet de Cadours'

ENGLISH :  Softneck garlic 'Violet de Cadours'.

FRENCH :  Ail d'automne 'Violet de Cadours', Ail sans bâton 'Violet de Cadours', Ail type hiver, Ail violet d'automne.

RUSSIAN :  Озимый чеснок Ozimyy chesnok.


Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group)

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium controversum Clusius,  Allium ophioscorodon Link., Allium sativum L. subsp. ophioscorodon (Link) Holub, Allium sativum L. subsp. ophioscorodon Schübler & Martens, Allium sativum L. subsp. ophioscorodon (Link) Zahar, Allium sativum L. var. ophioscorodon (Link.) Döll., Allium sativum L. var. controversum (Schrad.) Moore

ARABIC : Kurrâth isbânyâ.

CHINESE  :  Hu,  Hu suan.

DANISH :  Perleløg, Rochenbolle, Rokambol,  Slangeløg, Slangehvidløg.

DUTCH : Spaanse knoflook, Slangerlook, Echter Schlangenlauch.

ENGLISH : Serpent garlic, Hardneck garlic , Hard-necked garlic, Stiffneck garlic, Top-setting garlic, Spanish garlic, Rocambole, True rocambole.

ESTONIAN :  Silmus-küüslauk.

FINNISH : Helmivalkosipuli.

FRENCH :  Ail à bâton, Ail d'automne, Ail d'Espagne, Ail bulbifère, Ail rocambole, Ail rose, Ail rose à bâton, Ail rouge des Provençaux, Rocambole.

GERMAN :  Großer Schlangenknoblauch, Italienischer Knoblauch,  Schlangenknoblauch,  Rockenbolle.

ITALIAN : Aglio d'India, Aglio romano, Rocambola.

JAPANESE :  ヒメニ ンニク  Hime ninniku, ロカンボール  Rokanbooru.

POLISH :    Czosnek rokambuł,  Rokambuł. 

PORTUGUESE : Alho de Hespanha.

RUSSIAN :  Ispansky chesnok, Чеснок рокамболь Chesnok rokambolʹ.

SPANISH : Ajo pardo, Rocambola.

SWEDISH : Spansk hvitlök.

TURKISH :  Yılan sarımsağı.


Types or subgroups (American classification) :  Asiatic, Creole, Glazed Purple Stripe, Marbled Purple Stripe, Porcelain, Purple Stripe, Rocambole and Turban. Example of cultivars for some subgroups are given below.

Photograph of several cultivars at  Gourmet Garlic Gardens.

Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group)  'Ajo Rojo'

ENGLISH :   Creole garlic 'Ajo Rojo'.

FRENCH :  Ail rouge.


Photograph at Gourmet Garlic Gardens.
Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group) 'Blanc de la Drôme'

FRENCH :  Ail blanc argenté,  Ail blanc de la Drôme, Ail traditionnel 'Blanc de la Drôme'.

GERMAN :   Weißer Knoblauch.


Other similar cultivars of this type :   Germidrôme, Messidrôme, Thermidrôme.

Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group)  'Burgundy'

ENGLISH :  Creole garlic 'Burgundy'.

Photograph at Gourmet Garlic Gardens.


Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group) 'Chesnok Red'

ENGLISH :  Standard Purple Stripe 'Chesnok Red'.


Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group) 'Metechi'

ENGLISH :  Marbled Purple Stripe 'Metechi'.


Photograph at Gourmet Garlic Gardens.


Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group) 'Rose de Lautrec'

ENGLISH :  Heritage garlic 'Rose de Lautrec'.

FRENCH :  Ail à manouille 'Rose de Lautrec',  Ail bâton 'Rose de Lautrec', Ail des grappes 'Rose de Lautrec', Ail traditionnel 'Rose de Lautrec'.

GERMAN :  Violetter Knoblauch 'Rose de Lautrec'.


Similar certified cultivars :  Ibérose, Goulurose,  Edenrose.



Allium sativum L. (Ophioscorodon Group, Rocambole Sub-group)

ENGLISH :  True rocambole garlic.

FRENCH :  Ail rouge à fleurs mauves, Ail géant d'Espagne, Ail rouge des Provençaux, Rocambole typique.

GERMAN :  Echte Rockenbolle.

POLISH :  Rokambuł.

SPANISH :  Rocambola.


This is the true rocambole, neither completely  wild nor completely domesticated like most named cultivars in this group. Often confused with  Allium scorodoprasum L.

Allium sativum L. subsp. sativum 

 This is meant to be the correct botanical name for the common cultivated garlic but in horticulture and mostly the trade the subsp. name is dropped. The most botanically-aware traders and authors are slowly adopting the Group name. This is acceptable in horticulture and soon will be accepted as welll in taxonomic circles (well .... we hope). All common names applied to the Sativum Group fit this subsp.

Allium sativum L. var. pekinense (Prokh.) Maekawa

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium pekinense Prokhanov

CHINESE :  蒜   Suan.

ENGLISH :  Peking garlic.

GERMAN :  Chinesischer Knoblauch, Peking-Knoblauch.

TURKISH :  Çin sarımsağı.


This variety  is  much misunderstood. Some authors place it in the Ophioscorodon Group, others list it as a synonym of  Allium sativum L. (Flora of  China),  whilst others list it as a separate variety. In any case it should not be confused with cultivars with the word "Chinese" as part of their name. A suitable description states that it is a variety that rarely flowers like var. sativum, but with larger leaves (ref. Helm 1956; Jones and Mann 1963) so on that basis it should be listed as a separate variety.
Allium schoenoprasum L.

 SYNONYM(S) :   Allium montanum Schrank, non F. W. Schmidt , Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. alpinum (DC) Čelak, Allium schoenoprasum L. var. alpinum DC., Allium sibiricum auct., non L.

ARABIC :   الثوم المعمر.

CHINESE  :  北葱    Bei cong,  细香葱   Xi xiang cong   , 細香蔥  Xi xiang cong (Taiwan),   小葱   Xiao cong.

CROATIAN  :  Vlašac, Dobrinjak, Drobnjak, Luk-drobnjak, Tičji luk.

DANISH : Purløg.

DUTCH : Bieslook, Fijn bieslook,  Snijlook.

ENGLISH : Chives.

FINNISH :  Ruoholaukka,  Ruohosipuli.

FRENCH :   Ail civette (Canada), Brûlotte (Canada), Brûlotte sauvage (Canada), Cives (Canada), Cives farouches (Canada), Ciboulette, Civette, Oignon sauvage (Canada), Petite ciboule.

GERMAN :  Blühender Schnittlauch, Schnittlauch.

GREEK :   Σχινόπρασο  Schinopraso.

ITALIAN : Aglio d'India, Aglio ungherese, Erba cipollina.

JAPANESE :   チャイブ  Chaibu, チャイブス  Chaibusu,   セイヨウアサツキ  Seiyou asatsuki.

NORWEGIAN :  Graslauk.

POLISH :  Czosnek szczypiorek,  Czosnek tatareczka,  Szczypiorek.

PORTUGUESE :   Alho-de-Espanha (Brazil), Ceboleta de França, Ceboletas de França, Cebolinha, Cebolinha-miúda (Brazil).

RUSSIAN :   Лук скорода   Luk skoroda, Лук-резанец  Luk rezanets,  Скорода   Skoroda,   Шнитт-лук  Shnitt luk.

SERBIAN :   Aljma, Sitan vlašac, Sitni luk, Šnitling, Vlasac, Vlašac, Vlašik, Vlaštica.

SLOVENIAN :   Drobnjak,  Gorski drobnjak (as A. schoenoprasum alpinum), Planinski drobnjak.

SPANISH :  Ajo morisco, Cebollinos, Cebolletas, Cebollino común,  Cebollino francés.

SWEDISH :  Gräslök.

THAI :  Hom paen,  Kui chaai bai klom,  กุยช่าย ฝรั่ง  Kui chaai farang.

VIETNAMESE :  Awaiting feedback.

Photograph of flowers in Japan.


Allium schoenoprasum L. 'Album'

 SYNONYM(S) :    Allium schoenoprasum L. f. albiflora hort.

DUTCH :  Witte bieslook.

ENGLISH :  White-flowered chives.

FRENCH :  Ciboulette à fleurs blanches.
Allium schoenoprasum L. var. alpinum DC. ->  Allium schoenoprasum L.


Allium schoenoprasum L. var. foliosum Regel    ->   Allium ledebourianum Schult. & Schult. f.

Allium schoenoprasum L. var. laurentianum Fernald

FRENCH :  Ciboulette d' Amérique du Nord.

Allium schoenoprasum L. var. orientale Regel  ->  Allium maximowiczii Regel


Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum 

DANISH :  Gräslök.

FINNISH :  Kallioruoholaukka.

JAPANESE :  エゾネギ  Ezo negi.

NORWEGIAN :  Vanleg graslauk.

SLOVENIAN :  Drobnjak.


Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum auct. non Garcke   ->  Allium sibiricum L.


Allium schoenoprasum L. var. yezomonticola Hara

JAPANESE :  ヒメエゾネギ   Hime ezo negi.

Allium scorodoprasum L.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium scordoprasum L.

CHINESE  :   大蒜  Da suan,   Hu suan,   Hu.

CROATIAN :  Luk pjeskovnjak. 

DANISH :   Sandløg.

DUTCH :  Slangenlook.

ENGLISH : Sand garlic, Giant garlic, Spanish garlic, Giant garlic.

FINNISH :  Käärmeenlaukka.

FRENCH :   Ail rocambole.

GERMAN :  Knoblauchartiger Lauch,  Sandlauch, Schlangenlauch, Schlangen-Lauch, Rokambole.

ITALIAN :  Aglio romano.

NORWEGIAN :  Bendellauk.

POLISH :  Czosnek perłowaty,  Czosnek rokambuł, Czosnek wężowy.

SERBIAN :  Awaiting feedback.

SLOVENIAN :  Divji luk.

SPANISH :  Ajo negro, Ajo pardo.

SWEDISH :   Skogslök.


Photograph of flowers & top bulbs in Germany.
Photograph of bulblets at Flora Cyberia (is this Allium scorodoprasum L. var. babingtonii (Borrer) Regel ?)
Excellent shot in Poland.

Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. jajlae (Vved.) Stearn

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium jajlae Vved.


Photograph of flowers by Tom Clothier.


Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. rotundum (L.) Stearn

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium acutiflorum Loscos, non Loisel, Allium cilicium Boiss.,  Allium rotundum L.

GERMAN :  Kugeliger Lauch (Switzerland), Rundköpfiger Lauch.

POLISH :  Czosnek kulisty.


Photograph of flower (close-up) in Germany.

Allium scorodoprasum L. subsp. scorodoprasum


 This is meant to be the correct botanical name for the cultivated giant garlic but in horticulture and mostly the trade the subsp. name is dropped. All common names applied to the species fit this subsp.


Allium senescens L.

CHINESE :  山韭   Shan jiu,  Shan jiu (medicinal name).

ENGLISH :   Broadleaf chives (USA), , Broad-leaved chives.

GERMAN :   Deutscher Knoblauch.

JAPANESE :   Miyama rakkyou.

RUSSIAN :   Лук стареющий  Luk stareiushchii .

Allium senescens L. subsp. glaucum (Schrad. ex Poir.) Dostal

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium glaucum Schrad. ex Poir.,  Allium senescens L. subsp. glaucum (Schrad.) N.V. Friesen, Allium senescens L. subsp. glaucum (Schrad. ex Poir.) Dostal, Allium senescens L. subsp. montanum F.W. Schmidt  var. glaucum Schrad.  

ENGLISH :  German garlic.

RUSSIAN :  Лук сизый  Luk sizyi ,   Лук стареющий сизый  Luk stareiushchii sizyi.


Photograph of flowers by Tom Clothier.
Photograph of foliage by Iza Goroff.
Photograph of flower (close-up) in UK..


This is very likely a synonym of A. lusitanicum Lam.

Allium senescens L. subsp. lusitanicum (Link. & Regel) Dostál

SYNONYM(S) : Allium lusitanicum Delar., Allium lusitanicum. Link.& Regel


Possibly also Allium lusitanicum Lam.

Allium senescens L. subsp. montanum (F.W. Schmidt) Holub  ->     Allium lusitanicum Lam.

Allium senescens L. subsp. senescens

ENGLISH : German garlic, Broad-leaved chives.

GERMAN : Ausdauernder Lauch.


Allium sibiricum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium ledebourianum var. intermedium Kryl. pro parte, Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. sibiricum (L.) K. Richter,  Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. sibiricum (L.) Celak,  Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. sibiricum (L.) Hartman, Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum,  Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum auct. non Garcke , Allium raddeanum Regel

CHINESE :   (as Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum).

ENGLISH :   Siberian chives.

FINNISH :  Ruijanruoholaukka.

FRENCH :  Ciboule de Sibérie, Ciboulette vivace.

GERMAN :  Brutzwiebel-Schnittlauch (listed in Germany as  Allium schoenoprasum L. subsp. viviparum).

JAPANESE :     (as Allium schoenoprasum L. var. schoenoprasum).

NORWEGIAN :  Sibirgraslauk, Sibirgressløk.

POLISH :  Czosnek syberyjski.

RUSSIAN :  Лук сибирский  Luk sibirskii.

SLOVENIAN : Gorski drobnjak.

SWEDISH :   Jättegräslök.



Some authors place this species among the synonyms of  Allium schoenoprasum L. Possibly an infra-specific name of it would be a better synonym such as Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum or  Allium schoenoprasum L. var. sibiricum , wouldn't it?
Allium sikkimense Baker

CHINESE :  Gao shan jiu,   青 甘韭   Qing gen jiu.

RUSSIAN :   Лук сиккимский   Luk sikkimskii.

Photograph by Pat Woodward at Pacific Rim Native Plant Nursery.
Photographs of flower (close-up)  by Mark McDonough. 

Allium sphaerocephalon L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium descendens L.

DUTCH :  Kalklook, Kogellook.

ENGLISH :  Ball-headed onion, Round-headed garlic, Round-headed leek.

FRENCH :  Ail à tête ronde.

GERMAN :  Kopflauch, Kugellauch, Kugel-Lauch, Kugelköpfiger Lauch,  Rundköpfiger Knoblauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio delle bisce.

POLISH :   Czosnek główkowaty.

PORTUGUESE :   Cebolinho.

RUSSIAN :   Лук круглоголовый.

SLOVENIAN :  Oblasti luk.

SPANISH :  Ajo de cigüeña, Ajo perruno.



Photograph of flowers by Tom Clothier.
Photographs at "SOPHY".

Allium sphaerocephalon L. subsp. sphaerocephalon
Allium splendens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.

JAPANESE :  ミヤマラッキョウ   Miyama rakkyou.


Photograph of flowers in Japan.
Photograph of flower (close-up) in Japan. *****


Allium tel-avivense Eig

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium aschersonianum Barbey subsp. tel-avivense (Eig) Oppenheimer

ENGLISH :  Judean Desert garlic, Jordan Valley garlic, Negev desert garlic, Sharon plain garlic, Tel Aviv garlic (Israel).

HEBREW :   שׁוּם תֵּל אָבִיב ,   Shum tel aviv  שום תל-אביב



Allium thunbergii G. Don

CHINESE :   球序韭.

JAPANESE :  ミヤマラッキョウ   Miyama rakkyou, ヤマラッキョウ  Yama rakkyou,   や ま らっきょう  Yama rakkyou,   山 辣 韮  Yama rakkyou.


Photograph 1 of flower (close-up) in Japan.
 Photograph 2 of flower (close-up) in Japan.
Photograph 3 of flower (close-up) in Japan.
Photograph 4 of  flower (close-up) in Japan.
Photograph of white-flowered form (close-up) in Japan.


Allium triquetrum L.

DUTCH :  Driekantig look.

ENGLISH :  Three corner garlic, Three-cornered leek,  Triquetrous leek

FRENCH :  Ail à tige triquètre, Ail à trois angles, Ail campanulé .

GERMAN :   Dreikantiger Lauch, Glöckchen-Lauch.

ITALIAN :  Aglio selvatico.

SPANISH : Lagrimas de la Virgen.


Photographs at Plantas Silvestres de España.
Photographs at "SOPHY".


Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium argyi H. Léveillé,  Allium chinense Maxim., non G. Don,  Allium clarkei J. D. Hooker, Allium odorum auct. non L.,   Allium uliginosum G. Don non Ledeb., Allium roxburghii Kunth., Allium angulosum Lour. non L.?, Allium senescens Miq. non L.,  Allium tuberosum Roxb., Allium yesoense Nakai

CHINESE   :  韭 Jiu,  韭 菜  Jiu cai,  Jiu huang (Blanched leaves),  韭 菜花  Jiu cai hua (Garlic chives flower),  Chiu ts'ai (Taiwan).

DANISH :  Kinesisk purløg.

DUTCH :   Chinese bieslook,  Knoflookbieslook.

ENGLISH :   Oriental garlic, Chinese onion, Garlic chives, Chinese chives, Chinese leek, Scallion.

FINNISH : Kiinansipuli, Kiinanruohosipuli.

FRENCH :  Ail tubéreux, Ciboule de Chine,  Ciboulette ail, Ciboulette chinoise, Civette de Chine à feuilles plates.

GERMAN :  Chinesische Chives, Chinesischer Schnittlauch, Knoblauchchives, Orientalischer Knoblauch,  Schnittknoblauch.

JAPANESE :  ニラ Nira, 韮  Nira, 花 韮.

KHMER : Kachaay.

KOREAN :  부추  Bu pu.

MALAY : Bawang kucai, Kucai (Indonesia), Kuchai.

POLISH :  Czosnek bulwiasty.

SPANISH : Cive chino.

TAGALOG : Kutsay.

THAI :  กุยช่าย    Kui chaai,  กุยช่ายจีน   Kui chaai chin,  Hom paen.

VIETNAMESE :    Hẹ bông. 

VISAYAN : Ganda.

Photograph of flowers at  Kyoto Shimbun Co. Ltd.

 

Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.  var. latifolium Kitam.

ENGLISH :  Broad leaved garlic chives, Broad leaf Chinese leek, Large-leaved Chinese chives.

FRENCH :   Ciboule de Chine à feuilles larges.

JAPANESE :  オオニラ   Oo nira.


Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay et al.

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium macrochaetum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. subsp. tuncelianum Kollmann, Allium tuncelianum (Kollmann) Özhatay, B.Mathew & Şiraneci

ENGLISH :  Afghanistan wild garlic, Munzur Valley wild onion, Ovacik garlic, Tajikistan wild garlic, Tunceli garlic, Uzbekistan wild garlic.

FRENCH :  Ail de Tunceli.

TURKISH :  Dersim Ovacık dağ sarımsağı, Munzur sarımsağı , Ovacık sarımsağı, Tunceli sarımsağı.


Allium ursinum L.

ARABIC :   كُرات الدُّب   Kurrāt al dubb.

BULGARIAN :  Левурда  Levurda , Лук мечи  Luk meči.

CHINESE :  野葱  Ye cong.

CROATIAN :   Čeremuš, Cremoš, Čremuš,  Crijemuž, Crimoš, Črimuš, Crimuz, Divji luk, Divlji luk, Medvjeđi luk, Srijemuž.  

CZECH :  Medvědí česnek.

DANISH :  Ramsløg.

DUTCH :  Daslook, Beerlook, Berelook, Borslook, Hondsknoflook, Wilde Knoflook.

ENGLISH :  Bear's garlic, Broad-leaved garlic, Ramson, Ramsons, Wild garlic, Wood Garlic

FINNISH :  Karhunlaukka.

FRENCH :   Ail à larges feuilles, Ail des bois, Ail des ours, Ail pétiolé, Ail sauvage, Aulx sauvages, Raillolette.

GERMAN :   Bärlauch, , Ramsen, Waldknoblauch, Wilder Knoblauch, Wildknoblauch.

GREEK :   Άγριο σκόρδο   Ágrio skordo.

ITALIAN :  Aglio orsino, Erba orsina.

JAPANESE :   アリウム・ウルシヌム   Ariumu urushinumu,    ラムソムズ  Ramusomuzu.

KOREAN :  곰파   Gom pa.

NORWEGIAN :  Ramslauk.

POLISH :  Czosnek niedźwiedzi.

RUSSIAN :  Черемша  Cheremsha (Čeremša),   Чеснок медвежий   Chesnok medvezhii (Česnok medvežij),    Дикий чеснок  Dikii chesnok (Dikij česnok),   Лук медвежий   Luk medvezhii (Luk medvežij).

SERBIAN :   Cremoš, Cremož, Cremuš, Cremuž , Divlji luk, Medveđi luk, Sremuš, Sremuša, Sremuž, Sremuža, Srijemuša, Srijemuž, Srijemuža, Srujemuš, Zrijemoš.

SLOVAKIAN : Cesnak medvedí, Medvedí cesnak.

SLOVANIAN :  Čemaž, Čremož, Divji česen, Medvedji česen.

SPANISH :  Ajo de oso, Ajo silvestre.

SWEDISH :   Ramslök.

TURKISH :  Yabanî sarımsak.

UKRAINIAN :  Цибуля ведмежа   Tsybulia vedmezha.


Photographs at "SOPHY".

Allium victorialis L.

SYNONYM(S) :    Cepa victorialis (L.) Moench, Allium anguinum Bubani, Allium latissimum Prokhanov, Allium microdictyon Prokh., Allium plantagineum Lam., Allium victorialis subsp. platyphyllum Hultén, Allium wenchuanense Z. Y. Zhu.

CHINESE :   茖葱   Ge cong,   茖蔥  Ge cong (Taiwan).

DUTCH :  Alpenlook, Berglook.

ENGLISH :  Alpine leek, Long-rooted garlic, Long-rooted onion, Serpent garlic, Victory leek, Victory onion.

FRENCH :   Ail à tuniques réticulées,  Ail de cerf, Ail de la montagne Sainte-Victoire,  Ail de la Sainte-Victoire, Ail serpentin, Ail victorial, Faux nard, Faux spicanard, Herbe à neuf chemises, Oignon sauvage.

GERMAN :  Allermannsharnisch.

HUNGARIAN :  Havasi hagyma.

ITALIAN :  Aglio serpentino, Serpentino.

NORWEGIAN :  Alpeløk,  Seiersløk.

POLISH :   Czosnek siatkowaty.

RUSSIAN :    Черемша  Cheremsha (Čeremša), Черемица Cheremitsa,   Колба  Kolba,  Лук победный  Luk pobednyi.

SLOVANIAN :  Vanež.

SPANISH :  Ajo victorial, Cebola silvestre.

SWEDISH :  Allemandsharnisk,  Segerlök.


Photographs at "SOPHY".

Allium victorialis L. subsp. platyphyllum Hult.

SYNONYM(S) :   Allium latissimum Prokh., Allium victorialis L. var. platyphyllum xxx

ENGLISH :   Korean long-rooted garlic, Korean wild garlic.

JAPANESE :  ギョウジャニンニク  Gyouja ninniku, 写真集.

KOREAN :  산 마 늘  San ma nul.


Photographs and descriptions on Japanese sites 1, 2, 3 (best shots), 4.
Allium victorialis L. subsp. victorialis

ENGLISH :   Siberian long-rooted garlic,  Siberian long-rooted garlic.

Allium vineale L.

CROATIAN :   Luk vinogradarski, Vinogradarski luk.

DANISH : Vildt løg.

DUTCH :  Kraailook, Kuifhyacint-knol.

ENGLISH : Wild onion, Crow garlic, Stag garlic, Field garlic.

FINNISH : Hietalaukka.

FRENCH : Ail des vignes, Ail sauvage, Oignon sauvage.

GERMAN :  Hundslauch, Weinbergslauch, Wildzwiebel.

ITALIAN :  Aglio delle vigne, Cipolla selvatica.

NORWEGIAN :  Strandlauk.

POLISH :  Czosnek winnicowy.

PORTUGUESE : Cebola selvagem.

SERBIAN :   Balučka, Divlji žbun, Divlji luk, Pravi lučac, Pupa.

SLOVANIAN :   Vinograjski luk.

SPANISH :   Ajo cimarrón,  Ajo de las viñas,  Cebolla silvestre, Puerrillo silvestre, Puerro de viña.

SWEDISH :  Sandlök.
Allium wallichii Kunth

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium coeruleum Wall., Allium lancifolium Stearn, Allium platyphyllum (Diels) Wang & Tang, non Tidestr., Allium tchonganense Lévéille

CHINESE :   多星韭   Duo xing jiu.

ENGLISH :  Himalayan onion.

GERMAN :   Himalayazwiebel.

NEPALESE :  Dundoo.



Allium x wakegii Araki

SYNONYM(S) :  Allium fistulosum L. var. caespitosum Makino, Allium × proliferum  (East Asian Group)

CHINESE :  珠蔥    (Taiwan).

ENGLISH :  Bunching onion, Diploid Japanese onion, Wakegi onion.

JAPANESE : Oomiya negi, Fuyu negi,   ワケギ  Wakegi.


Photograph 1 of fresh bulbs in Japan.
Photograph 2 of fresh bulbs in Japan.
Photograph 1 of freshly harvested bulbs in Japan.
Photograph 2 of freshly harvested bulbs in Japan.


This is classified by the Mansfeld Database as a synonym of the Catawissa onion and the Egyptian onion. A strange match. This justifies the hybrid sign in the name as no doubt the  Japanese "wakegi" we have come across looked nothing like our Egyptian or Catawissa onions. Recent studies have provided some answers regarding the link between the 2 types of onion which definitely are not synonyms. Allium × proliferum  (East Asian Group) is the Wakegi, Allium × proliferum  (Eurasian Group) is the Catawissa / Egyptian type. Both are diploid onions.

 

HOW TO CITE THIS PAGE / COLLECTION OF RECORDS

Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995 - 2020, Sorting Allium Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database  (M.M.P.N.D)  - A Work in Progress. Institute of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.   < http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Allium.html > (2007).

 REFERENCES
General Bibliography

+

REFERENCES
Online

 +


REFERENCES
Specific to this genus
Botanik im Bild, 2005, Flora von Österreich , Alliaceae   /   Lauchgewächse   (früher unter Liliaceae).  < http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Familien/Alliaceae.htm >. Beautiful gallery of  Allium photos. *****

Chauvet Michel , L’histoire des légumes cultivés en France, Dossier de l’environnement de l’INRA, n°21. INRA-Montpellier . < www.inra.fr/dpenv/pdf/chauvd21.pdf  >.


de RUFFRAY Patrice, BRISSE Henry, GRANDJOUAN Gilles et al., 2004,  "SOPHY" : Banque de données Botaniques et Ecologiques. Association d'Informatique Appliquée à la Botanique (A.I.A.B.). < http://sophy.u-3mrs.fr/photohtm/LIENPLAN.HTM >.  Great photo gallery of Alliums at < http://sophy.u-3mrs.fr/photohtm/FI37.HTM >. *****

Director, 2000, Foodplants in Thailand. Foodplants Program. Thailand Bio-diversity Center, Bangkok-Thailand, University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna-Austria & Virtual Enterprises Association. < http://biodiversity.biotec.or.th/update/foodplants/table1.html >.

Friesen, N. and Herrmann, N.  1998,  Taxonomy, chorology and evolution of Allium lusitanicum - the European "A. senescens". Linzer Biol. Beitr. 30, 815-830. Gatersleben Allium collection (incomplete).

Geocities.co.jp, 2004, NatureLand Data. < http://www.geocities.co.jp/NatureLand/3495/data/100301.html >. Japanese, Latin.

Gourmet Garlic Gardens, 2004, A Garlic Overview.  < http://www.gourmetgarlicgardens.com/overview.htm >. ***** The best site on garlic we ever have come across. Garlic has never looked so glamorous.

IBS , 2005, Gallery of the World's Bulbs. International Bulb Society (IBS). < http://www.bulbsociety.org/GALLERY_OF_THE_WORLDS_BULBS/GRAPHICS/Allium/Alliumlist.shtml >.

ISFS, 1996,  Index Synonymique de la Flore de Suisse (ISFS) et territoires limitrophes  (1ère édition 1996). < http://www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/rsf/fra/index/indexonl.htm > Includes common names in French, German & Italian.

ISTA , 1982, ISTA Multilingual Glossary in GRIN. Electronic version of  A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names - Field Crops, Grasses & Vegetables, Second Edition, 1982, by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Seed Testing Association, Zurich, Switzerland.   < http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/seedglossary.pl >.

I.V.T., 2005 - Institut für Veterinärpharmakologie und -toxikologie, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Schweiz. < http://www.vetpharm.unizh.ch/giftdb/pflanzen/0049_tox.htm >.

Katzer Gernot, 2005, Spice Pages, Onion - Allium cepa L.   < http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Alli_cep.html >.

Lonchamp J.-P. 1999 (Oct.),  Index Synonymique de la Flore de France. INRA-MNHN. < http://www.dijon.inra.fr/flore-france/al.htm >.

Messiaen Charles-Marie et al., 1993. Les Allium alimentaires reproduits par voie végétative. Paris, INRA. (230 p.).

MUE, 2002 - 2005, oNLINE植物アルバム ～ 検索画面 ～ 宮城教育大学 安江研究室  (Plant Database, Genus Allium. Miyagi University of Education, Yasue Lab). < http://plantdb.ipc.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/ >.

Nattamon Homthong  Ms. , 2001, Vegetable Gallery, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences , Maejo University.  < http://www.mju.ac.th/fac-agr/hort/vegetable/gallery.asp >. Names & Thumbnail photos. (NatH)

Ori Fragman- Sapir (Dr.), 2005,  Wild Allium Species in Israel – Potential Cut Flowers and Garden Plants, Translated by Julie Baretz. Jerusalem University Botanical Gardens. < http://www.botanic.co.il/english/research/Allium.htm >. Excellent photographs. *****

Pinard Pierre , 2005,  Terroirs de France. < http://terroirs.denfrance.free.fr/index.html >, L'ail commun. (Background on the crop and information on many heritage cultivars). < http://terroirs.denfrance.free.fr/p/fiches_pratiques/ail_commun.html >.

Renaud Victor & Dudouet Christian, 1994, Le Potager par les méthodes naturelles. Paris : Rustica ; 54-Maxéville : Impr. Jean-Lamour. (351 p.)

Totalmédia inc. 1998-2005, Encyclopédie des aliments.  Échalote.  < http://www.reseauproteus.net/fr/Nutrition/EncyclopedieAliments/Fiche.aspx?doc=echalote_nu >.  Complete background on Échalote, potato onions,  and the controversy regarding the true Échalote or Échalote de tradition versus the false Échalote or Échalote des Pays Bas. *****

S. D. - R .A. S. 1998-2000, Electronic Library, Electronic Atlas, Flora. Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  < http://www-sbras.nsc.ru/win/elbib/atlas/list.dhtml?flora >. Russian, Latin (Rus1)

Sparreboom Jos & Sparreboom Marg , 2005, Food Lexicon. Food-terms dictionary in English, French, German, Danish, Dutch, Spanish. < http://www.xs4all.nl/~margjos/index.html >.  *****

USDA, ARS, 2004, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxdump.pl?allium (23 August 2004)  Botanical Latin.

Wortelboer Rick , 2002 - 2005,  Plantennamen - Plantago werkt aan het beschikbaar stellen van informatie over de naamgeving van planten < http://www.plantennamen.nl/index.htm > & Plant Index - Overzicht van Plantennamen, Foto's en Verkooppunten. < http://www.plantago.nl/plantindex/index.htm >.

Wu Zheng-yi & Raven P. H. et al. (eds.)  1994-2005. Flora of China (English edition). <  http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=101086 >

中科院昆明植物研究所 ,  1997 - 2004.  中国西南种子植物资源基础数据库. < http://db.kib.ac.cn/SWChinaPlants/SWChina_Specieslist.asp?key_m=Alliaceae >.



Contributors to this page (Personal communication) :  Ione Fet, Li Jun,  Oscar Villalta, Akiko Mundy, Takako Asaoka, Roger Spencer, Orarat Mongkolporn, Amgad Elmahdi, Wang Wei Li,  Xingren Wu, Yang Bang Liang, Edvokia Mavrakis, Vasilios Papaioannou, Angela Drenovac, Gustav Nordentoft.

Notes on American classification in recent times
Softnecks or Softneck type
Allium sativum L. subsp. sativum
  1. Artichoke group - Some cultivars in this group:  'Asian Tempest', 'California Early', 'California Late', 'Chet's Italian Red', 'Chinese Red ', 'Chinese White', 'Early Italian Red', 'Greek',  'Inchelium Red', 'Japanese White', 'Kettle River Giant', 'Lorz Italian', 'Polish White', 'Red Janice', 'Red Toch',  'Susanville',  'Transylvanian', 'Xian' ... etc.
  2. Silverskin group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Nootka Rose', 'Rose d’Auvergne', 'Rose du Var',  'Silver White' ... etc.




Hardnecks or Hardneck type or Stiffneck type
Allium sativum L. subsp. ophioscorodon
  1. Asiatic group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Japanese', 'Korean Mountain', 'Pyongyang'... etc.
  2. Creole group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Ajo Rojo', 'Burgundy', 'Keeper', 'Morado', 'Rojo de Castro' aka 'Cuban Purple' ... etc. *
  3. Glazed Purple Stripe group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Purple Glazer', 'Velek' aka 'Velak' ... etc.
  4. Marbled Purple Stripe group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Bogatyr', 'Brown Tempest', 'Kahbar', 'Metechi', 'Siberian' ... etc.
  5. Porcelain group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Georgian Crystal', 'Georgian Fire', 'Leningrad', 'Premium Northern White', 'Romanian Red', 'Rosewood', 'Music',  'Zemo'... etc.
  6. Purple Stripe group - Some cultivars in this group: 'Belarus', 'Chesnok Red', 'Persian Star' aka 'Samarkand', 'Shatili', 'Red Rezan'... etc.
  7. Rocambole group - Some cultivars in this group: 'German Red', 'Russian Red', 'Slovenian', 'Spanish Roja' ... etc.
  8. Turban group - Some cultivars in this group: 'China Stripe', 'Chinese Purple', 'Morado Giant', 'Red Janice', 'Shantang Purple', 'Thai Fire', 'Thai Purple', 'Tuscan', 'Xian' ... etc.


* Creole garlic are sometimes placed among the softnecks and are often considered closely related to silverskins. The confusion comes from the fact that these garlic plants can sometimes, under particular circumstances such as stress,  naturally develop "scapes" making them look like hardnecks. Perhaps they should be in a group of their own. Then again Turbans are not completely settled in the Hardnecks and could possibly end up in the group including Creole.
'Music' has been hard to pinpoint to a specific group. It is sometimes considered as a Creole (either softneck or hardneck), sometimes placed in the Hardneck - Porcelain group).

Notes on Chinese names of Allium

Finally we found some references that removed most of the doubts of the last 15 years. Very few uncertainties remain. If some things are unclear in all the above records, please ask us to clarify / explain further.

Notes on "Elephant Garlic" /  "Russian Garlic" /  "Giant Garlic"

"Russian Garlic" is not a good choice of name for this species Allium ampeloprasum L. because there are a number of cultivars of true garlic which of course belong to Allium sativum L. examples are: Russian Giant (a Marbled Purple Stripe), Russian Red (a Rocambole), Russian Redstreak (Asiatic group), etc. All these are harneck garlic and can have large bulbs, adding to the confusion, although Elephant garlic is more than large it is enormous.
So the potential for utter confusion is obvious. As far as I know there is no red form of Elephant garlic.

A telling photo comparing both "garlic types" on Henry Field's Seed & Nursery Co. site can be seen.

Notes on "Échalote" or shallot

Controversy rages in Europe since the late 1990 because the Dutch multinationals have introduced on the market some varieties of shallots propagated by seeds. The traditional French growers are up in arms about this argueing that the only true shallot is propagated by bulbs, not seeds.  They may have a point but one has to recognize that the delimitation between onion and shallot is rather blury. So it has to come down to a regional / heritage produce denomination under the Red Label ("Label Rouge"). Moreover the delimitation between the shallot and the potato onion is also blury. Officialdom seems to favour "Échalotes de tradition" for bulb-propagated cultivars and "Échalotes de semis" for seed-propagated cultivars.

Notes on related "Échalion"


I have placed this "onion" in the Aggregatum Group based on my experience with an identical bulb that passed through my hands a few years ago. Sold as a "shallot" and sometimes named "Rodrigue shallot". I planted 3 or 4 bulbs in spring and got 3 or 4 new bulbs for each planted in late autumn. The French literature keeps repeating that it is an onion , not an "Échalote" but given that some Échalotes produce seeds and this "onion" is said to be a cross between an onion and an Échalote, it would not be surprising that in some circumstances it would behave as either. Logic would call for a name with a hybrid sign, perhaps such as Allium x cepa L. 'Échalion'

Update 2012 : I stand corrected the correct spelling would be " Roderique " for this Échalion which has reappeared in Melbourne not only on the market stalls but in seed packets. This cultivar is brown and a red cultivar is called "Red Legion ". Magnus Kahl Seeds is the company introducing those seeds in Australia.
   


Notes on related "Potato onion"

Strictly speaking the terms "Échalion" and "Potato onion" are kinds / types / subtypes (depending on taxonomical views) rather than cultivated varieties, although the trade tends to use them as cultivar names.


We have attempted to integrate all the above information into our names.  Feedback most welcome (in English or French)


back to Gateway , to list of notes 

Date created: 05 / 07 / 1995
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