MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE



Sorting Ocimum names


Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) :


 

Ocimum americanum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Ocimum africanum Lour., Ocimum americanum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) A.J. Paton , Ocimum basilicum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth. , Ocimum canum Sims , Ocimum pilosum Willd.,  Ocimum stamineum Sims

BENGALI : Bharbari (as O. canum).

CHINESE :    Hui luo le (as O. canum).

ENGLISH : American basil, Hoary basil, Lime basil, Perennial basil, Thai basil, Thai lemon basil, "Frogs eggs" (seeds).

FRENCH :  Basilic américain,  Basilic à feuilles pubescentes, Basilic du Brésil, Basilic du Paraguay, Basilic de Cuba.

GERMAN :  Kampferbasilikum, Wildes Basilikum (as O. canum).

JAPANESE :  ヒメボウキ  Himebouki,   ライムバジル  Raimu bajiru,   タイバジル  Taibajiru.

KANNADA : Nagitulasi, Ramatulasi.

MALAYALAM : Katturamatulasi.

NEPALESE :     Baavarii,   Tulasii.

PORTUGUESE : Alfavaca de vaqueiro, Manjericão (Brazil), Manjerona (Brazil).

RUSSIAN :   Базилик камфорный.

SANSKRIT : Ajaka, Arjaka, Gambhitra.

SINHALESE : Hintalla.

SPANISH : Albahaca velluda (Cuba).

TAMIL : Ganjam Korai, Kanjan Korai, Naitulasi.

TELUGU : Kukkatulasi.

THAI : Kom ko khao (Northern Thailand), Maeng lak (Central Thailand), Tu.

 

Considered by some authors as a "lemon-scented" basil.

Ocimum americanum L. var. americanum

Most botanical synonyms and common names applied to the species above seem to fit this variety.
Ocimum americanum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) A. J. Paton

SYNONYM(S) :  Ocimum africanum Lour.,  Ocimum americanum  sensu Pushpangadan & Sobti, non L., Ocimum basilicum  A. J. Paton,  Ocimum basilicum  L. var. anisatum  Benth.,   Ocimum basilicum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth. , Ocimum basilicum  sensu Doan, non L. ,  Ocimum basilicum  sensu Hook. f., non L.,   Ocimum citratum  Rumph. , Ocimum dichotomum  Hochst. ex Benth., Ocimum graveolens  A. Br.,  Ocimum hispidum  Lam.,   Ocimum minimum  sensu Burm. f. , non L. ,  Ocimum menthaefolium  sensu Hochst ex Benth. ,  Ocimum pilosum Willd.,  Ocimum stamineum Sims 

ENGLISH : Anis-scented basil, Aniseed-scented basil.

FRENCH : Basilic anisé.

GERMAN :  Anisbasilikum.

KHMER : Chy, Ci prohae, Chi kra chi, Thoo kay.

LAOTIAN : I tou, Phak i tou.

THAI : Mang lak, Maeng lak (Central); Kum kaw, Komko khaao (Northern).

VIETNAMESE : Cien thue, Cay hat-huong, Cay ich gioi, E trang, Hung que.

Ocimum basilicum L.

SYNONYM(S) : Ocimum americanum Jacq., Ocimum barrelieri Roth, Ocimum basilicum L. var. glabratum Benth., Ocimum basilicum L. var. majus Benth., Ocimum bullatum Lam., Ocimum thyrsiflorum L.,  Plectranthus barrelieri (Roth) Spreng.

AFRIKAANS : Basilie, Basilikum.

ARABIC : Habaq (Habaqa), Háabaq nabatái ,     الريحان    Alrihan,  ريحان   Rihan  (Egypt).

BENGALI : Babuitulsi, Baburi tulsi, Debunsha, Khubkalam.

BURMESE :     Pinsein,       Ziya apyu.

CHINESE :  罗勒   Luo le.

CROATIAN : Bosiljak.

CZECH : Bazalka pravá.

DANISH : Basilik, Basilikum.

DUTCH : Baziel, Bazielkruid, Koningskruid.

ENGLISH : Basil, Common basil, Garden basil, Roman basil, Sweet basil.

FINNISH : Basilika.

FRENCH : Basilic, Framboisin (Antilles), Herbe royale, Oranger des savetiers, Pistou. 

GERMAN : Basilienkraut, Basilikum, Echtes Basilienkraut, Gartenhirnkraut, Gewöhnliches Basilienkraut, Königskraut.  

GREEK :   βασιλικό  Vasiliko,    Βασιλικός   Vasilikos.

GUJARATI : Damaro, Damro, Nasabo, Sabje.

HEBREW :    ריחן    Rehan.

HINDI : Babui tulsi, Babul, Bahari, Barbar, Kali tulsi, Rihan.

ITALIAN : Basilico.

JAPANESE :  バジル  Bajiru, メ ボウキ  Mebouki, スイートバジル  Suiito bajiru.

KANNADA : Kama kasturi, Kamkusturi, Ramkasturi, Sajjebiya, Tulasigidda, Tulasiya sasyajati.

KHMER : Chi sà.

LAOTIAN : Phak bua la pha, Phak bua la phe, Phak i tou.

MALAY :  Daun kemangi (Indonesia), Kemangi, Ruku-ruku, Selasih hijau.

MALAYALAM : Paccha, Truinitru.

MARATHI : Sabza.

NEPALESE :     Baavarii phuul,     Tulasii.

NORWEGIAN : Basilikum.

ORIYA : Dhalatulasi.

PERSIAN : Firanj mushk, Deban-shab, Rayáahn,     ريحان    Reyhan (Rehan, Reihan, Reyhun, Rihan).

POLISH : Basylico.

PORTUGUESE : Alfavaca, Alfavacão (Brazil), Alfavaca-cheirosa (Brazil), Basílico, Hierba de vaquero, Manjericão (Brazil), Manjericão-graúdo (Brazil), Manjerico.

RUSSIAN : Базилик  Bazilik,  Базилик обыкновенный  Bazilik obyknovennyi,  Dushistye vasilki, Dushki

SERBIAN : Bosiljak, Bosiok, Bosilje, Faslidjan, Maslidjan.

SINHALESE : Hintala, Sawandalata, Suwandutala.

SANSKRIT : Ajaganothika , Manjarika, Munjariki, Surabhi, Tulasidevesha, Tungi.

SLOKAKIAN : Bazalka pravá, Bazalky pravej.

SLOVENIAN : Bazilika.

SPANISH : Albahaca, Albahaca común , Albahaca silvestre, Alhábega, Ocimo.

SWAHILI : Mrihani.

SWEDISH : Basilica.

TAMIL :   Sabja, Sada tulasi, Tirnirupachai, Tirunitru, Tirunirrippachai, Tirunutpatchi , Tiviragandam.

TELUGU : Bhutulasi, Rudrajada.

THAI :    โหระพา   Horapha.

TURKISH : Feslien.

URDU : Rihan.

VIETNAMESE :  Rau é què ?  Rau é tia ?


Photographs of flowers & leaves in Japan.


Ocimum basilicum L.  ' Crispum '

GERMAN :  Salatblättriges Basilikum.


Ocimum basilicum L.  ' Mexikanisches Gewürzbasilikum '


Photograph in Germany.

Ocimum basilicum L. subsp. basilicum  

SYNONYM(S) :   Ocimum bullatum Lam., Ocimum integerrinum Willd., Ocimum caryophyllatum Roxb.,  Ocimum basilicum L. var. glabratum Benth. Ocimum basilicum L. var. majus Benth. ,   Ocimum basilicum L. var. thyrsiflorum (L.) Benth. ,  Ocimum basilicum L. var. difforme Benth. ,  Ocimum basilicum L. var. vulgare Alef., Ocimum basilicum L. var. bullatum Alef., Ocimum basilicum L. var. pelvifolium Alef.


Some botanical synonyms and common names may be shared between  the species above and  this subspecies.

Ocimum basilicum L. (Latifolium Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Ocimum basilicum L. var. majus Benth.

DUTCH : Grootbladig bazielkruid.

ENGLISH : Large-leaved Thai basil, Large-leaved basil, Large-leaved sweet basil.

FRENCH : Basilic majeur.

GERMAN : Großblättrige Basilienkraut, Salatblättriges Basilikum.

ITALIAN : Basilico maggiore, Basilico a foglia di lattuga.

JAPANESE :   メボウキ    Mebouki.

PORTUGUESE : Alfavaca, Alfavacão (Brazil).

SPANISH : Albahaca mayor.

Ocimum basilicum L. (Purpureum Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpurascens Benth., Ocimum basilicum L. var. violaceum hort., Ocimum basilicum L. var. purpureum hort.,  Ocimum medium Mill., Ocimum nigrum Thouin

ENGLISH : Red-leaved basil, Purple basil.

FRENCH : Basilic grand violet, Basilic rouge-violacé, Basilic à feuilles violettes



Ocimum campechianum P. Mill.

SYNONYM(S) : Ocimum micranthum Willd.

ENGLISH : Least basil, Mosquito bush, Peruvian basil, West Indies basil..

FRENCH : Basilic du Pérou, Basilic péruvien, Petit framboisin (Antilles).

GERMAN :  Peruanisches Basilikum.

PORTUGUESE : Alfavaca, Alfavaca-brava (Brazil), Manjericão (Brazil), Manjericão-branco (Brazil).

Ocimum canum Sims -> Ocimum americanum L.       A

Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.

SYNONYM(S) : Ocimum citratum Rumph. , Ocimum basilicum L. var. anisatum Benth., Ocimum dichotomum Hochst. ex Benth.,  Ocimum americanum auct., non L.

ENGLISH : Lemon basil.

FRENCH : Basilic citron, Basilic Niçois, Basilic italien.

GERMAN :  Limonenbasilikum, Zitronenbasilikum.

SPANISH : Albahaca anisada, Albahaca de limón.

 

Considered by some authors (ie D.J. Mabberley - 1987) as a synonym of Ocimum basilicum, probably due to being confined to the specific level. Common names however almost always refer to a "lemon-scented" type. These can only be either a "form" of  O. basilicum or a hybrid such as Ocimum x citriodorum Vis.  In the Taxonomic Revision of tribe Ocimeae (2003)  Somran Suddee places this hybrid as a synonym of  Ocimum americanum L. var. pilosum (Willd.) A. J. Paton.



Ocimum filamentosum Forssk.

SYNONYM(S) :  Ocimum adscendens Willd.,  Ocimum cristatum Roxb. , Ocimum indicum Roth, Plectranthus indicus (Roth) Spreng.

Ocimum gratissimum L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Geniosporum discolor Baker , Ocimum dalabaense A. Chev., Ocimum gratissimum L. subsp. iringense A.J. Paton,  Ocimum superbum Busc. & Muschl., Ocimum trichodon Baker ex Gürke

ARABIC : Furanjmishk. <- CHECK

BENGALI : Ramtulsi, Ramtulshi.

CHINESE :    Ding xiang luo le.

ENGLISH : Africain basil, Caribbean basil, Clove basil, East Indian basil, Pale-yellow-flowered basil, Russian basil, Shrubby basil, South-East Asian tree basil, Tree basil.

FRENCH : Basilic à fleurs jaune-verdâtre-pâle, Basilic africain, Basilic à thymol, Basilic en arbre, Basilic de Ceylan, Basilic de Nouvelle Guinée, Basilic mentholé, Basilic suave, Baumier, Grand framboisin (Antilles), Menthe gabonaise, Thé de Gambie.

GERMAN :  Baum-Basilikum, Ostindisches baumbasilikum, Tree-Basilienkraut.

GUJARATI : Avachibavachi, Ramtulasi.

HINDI : Bantulsi, Malatulsi,   Raam tulasii.

JAPANESE :  インドメボウキ   Indo mebouki.

MALAY : Kemangi, Sulasih miyik (Indonesia), Ruku-ruku hitam, Ruku-ruku rimba (Indonesia).

MALAYALAM : Kattutrittavu, Ramtulasi.

NEPALESE :  Ram,   Tulasii,   Van tulasii.

PORTUGUESE : Alfavaca, Alfavaca-de-caboclo (Brazil), Louro (Brazil), Louro-cheiroso (Brazil).

RUSSIAN :   Базилик эвгенольный.

SANSKRIT : Ramatulsi, Sukshmaputraka, Vanabarbarika, Van tulsa, Vriddhatulasi.

SINHALESE : Tankay.

SPANISH : Clavo canela, Orégano cimarrón, Albahaca cimarrona (Cuba), Albahaca de clavo (Cuba), Albahaca montés (El Salvador), Albahaca del monte (Mexico), Albahaca gratísima, Clavo canela, Orégano cimarrón.

TAGALOG : Balanoi.

TAMIL : Elumicha tulasi, Peruntulasi.

TELUGU : Nimmatulasi, Ramatulsi.

THAI :  ใบร้า   ,   Horapha chang (Central Thailand), Ka phrao yuan (Bangkok), Niam (Chiang Mai), Yira.

Some botanical synonyms and common names may be shared between  this species and  the variety "var. gratissimum"  below.

Ocimum gratissimum L. var. gratissimum

SYNONYM(S) :   Ocimum frutescens  sensu Mill. , non L. , Ocimum gratissimum L. var. suave (Willd.) Hook.f., Ocimum guineense Schum. & Thonn. , Ocimum petiolare Lam.,  Ocimum suave Willd., Ocimum tenuiflorum sensu Lam. , non L., Ocimum urticifolium Roth, Ocimum viride Willd., Ocimum viridiflorum Roth 

VIETNAMESE :  Huong nhu, Cay huong, Cay huong nhu trang.


Some botanical synonyms and common names may be shared between  the species above and  this variety.

Ocimum gratissimum L. var. macrophyllum Briq. 

SYNONYM(S) :   Ocimum gratissimum sensu auct. Hook. f.

LAOTIAN :  Boua la pha.

THAI :  Ka phrao yai.

VIETNAMESE :   Rau e lon la, Ling bak, Huong nhu.
Ocimum kilimandscharicum Baker ex Gürke

ENGLISH : African basil, Camphor basil, Perennial basil.

FRENCH : Basilic camphre, Basilic camphré, Basilic du Mont Kilimanjaro.

GERMAN : Kampferbasilikum.

HINDI : Kapur tulsi, Kapuri tulsi.

NEPALESE :     Kapuur paatii.

PORTUGUESE : Basilicão-canforado (Brazil).

RUSSIAN :   Базилик камфорный.  Bazilik kamforrnyi.

THAI : Ka phrao khaek (Bangkok), Ka phrao India (Prachin Buri).

 

Ocimum medium Mill.  -> Ocimum basilicum L. (Purpureum Group)

Ocimum micranthum Willd. -> Ocimum campechianum Mill.

Ocimum minimum L.

SYNONYM(S) : Ocimum minimum L. subsp. minimum, Ocimum basilicum L. var. minimum Alef., Ocimum basilicum L. var. chamaeleonticum Alef.

DUTCH : Kleinbladig bazielkruid.

ENGLISH : Bush basil, Greek basil, Fine-leaved basil, Lesser basil, Greek small-leaved basil.

FRENCH : Basilic fin, Basilic nain.

GERMAN :   Buschbasilikum, Kleine Nelkenbasilienkraut.

ITALIAN : Basilico minore, Basilico nano.

PORTUGUESE : Manjericão-miúda (Brazil).

SPANISH : Albahaca griega (Argentina),  Albahaca menor.

Ocimum nigrum Thouin -> Ocimum basilicum L. (Purpureum Group)

Ocimum polystachyon L.

SYNONYM(S) :  Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench., Lumnitzera polystachya (L.) Jacq. f. ex Spreng., Moschosma polystachyon (L.) Benth., Moschosma tenuiflorum Merr., , Ocimum tashiroi Hayata, Ocimum tenuiflorum Blanco, non L., Ocimum tenuiflorum Burm. f., non L., Plectranthus micranthus Spreng.,  Plectranthus parviflorus sensu R. Br., non Willd.

CHINESE :  小冠薰   Xiao guan xun.

ENGLISH :  Musk basil, South African basil, Swamp basil.

VIETNAMESE :  E sa.

UNIDENTIFIED AFRICAN :  Mvumbue.

Ocimum sanctum L. -> Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

Ocimum sanctum L. var. purpurascens -> Ocimum tenuiflorum L. (Purpureum Group)

Ocimum selloi Benth.

ENGLISH : Uruguayan basil, Fertility-control herb.

Ocimum suave Willd. -> Ocimum gratissimum L.

Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

SYNONYM(S) : Geniosporum tenuiflorum (L.) Merr., Ocimum album Blanco, Ocimum brachiatum Hassk., non Blume , Ocimum flexuosum Blanco , Ocimum frutescens  sensu Burm. f. , non L. , Ocimum gratissimum sensu Lour. , non L. , Ocimum hirsutum Benth., Ocimum inodorum Burm. f., Ocimum monachorum L., Ocimum sanctum L. , Ocimum sanctum L. var. hirsuta (Benth.) Hook. f., Ocimum tomentosum Lam.,  Ocimum villosum Roxb., Ocimum virgatum Blanco, non Thunb., Plectranthus monachorum (L.) Spreng., Plectranthus striatus sensu Muschler & Hosseus , non Benth. 

ARABIC : Dohsh, Schadjant, Vasub. <- CHECK

ASSAMESE : Tulasii.

BENGALI : Kalatulsi (as O. sanctum), Kalotulsi, Kural (as O. sanctum),    তুলসী   Tulasi, Tulshi, Tulsi.

BURMESE :  ,  Lun, Pinsein-net, Kala-pinsein.

CHINESE :   Sheng luo le (as O. sanctum).

ENGLISH : Holy basil, Monks' basil, Red basil, Rough Basil, Sacred basil, Sacred Thai basil, Siamese basil, Thai basil.

FRENCH : Basilic sacré, Basilic sacré à feuilles vertes, Basilic thaïlandais.

GERMAN :  Indisches Basilikum.

GUJARATI : Tulsi, Talasi (as O. sanctum).

HINDI :  Baranda,   Jangalii tulasii, Kaalaa tulasii,   Krishna tulasii,   Tulasii, Varanda.

JAPANESE :  バジルホーリー Bajiru hoorii,  カミメボウキ   Kamimebouki，カミボウキ   Kamibouki..

KANNADA : Kalatulsi, Karitulasi, ಶ್ರೀತುಳಸಿ  Sritulasi, Tulasi, ವಿಷ್ಣುತುಳಸಿ  Vishnu tulasi.

KHMER :   Che tak, Che tak me, Mareah proeu, Mrea preu.

LAOTIAN :  Phak i tou thai, Saphaa, Sa phao lom deng, Sa phao lom khao.

MALAY :  Kemangi, Selasih merah, Selasih Siam.

MALAYALAM : Krishnatulasi, Kunnakam, Punya, Shivatulasi, Shri tulasi, Sivatulasi, Trittavu, Tulasi.

MARATHI :  तुळस   Tulas, Tulasa,  तुळशी   Tulshi.

NEPALESE :    Krisna (Krishna),    Tulsii maa,    Tulasii patra (as O. sanctum).

PORTUGUESE :   Manjericão-branco,  Tulase (Brazil).

SANSKRIT : Ajaka, Arjaka, Brinda, Gauri, Gramya, Haripriya, Krishnamula,   Krishna tulasii,  Laxmi, Madhavi, Manjari, Madurutala, Mudura tulla, Parnasa, Patrapuspha, Sri tulasi, सुरस   Surasa, Suvasa tulasi,   Tulasii, Vaishnavi, Vishnu priya.

SINHALESE : Madurutala, Mudura tulla.

TAMIL : Alungai, Karuntulasi, Karut tulasi, Kullai, Nalla thulasi, Tiruttizhai , Tiruttilai , துளசி Tulasi,  துழாய்   Tuzay.

TELUGU : Brynda, Gaggera, Krishnatulsi,  కుక్కపాల   Kukka pala,  Oddhi , Tulasi,  తులసి  Tulsi, తుళసిచెట్టు   Tulsichettu.

THAI :  กะเพรา    Ka phrao, Ka phrao daeng khon (Central Thailand), Ka phrao khon (Central Thailand), Kom ko dong (Chiang Mai), Tu thai.

URDU : Janglitulshi,   کالی تلسی   Kali tulsi.

VIETNAMESE :  E rung, E tia, E do, Húng quế, Huong nhu tia, Cay e tia, Cay co e rung, E to, Rau quế.


REFERENCES
General Bibliography
+
REFERENCES
Complementary / Specific

 

Détraz Philippe , 2001 - 2004, Le Jardin des Senteurs. < http://www.jardin-des-senteurs.ch/catalogue/affiche.asp?v_lettre=o >. Many cultivar names.

Encyclopædia Iranica, 1979 - 2004,  A Columbia University  project  prepared by its Center for Iranian Studies. Page on Basil.  < http://www.iranica.com/articles/sup/Basil.html >.

EURODICAUTOM, On-line Technical Dictionary in 12 languages provided by the European Commission < http://eurodic.echo.lu/cgi-bin/edicbin/EuroDicWWW.pl?page=expert > (Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Latin with authority names)

Guillet Dominique & Guillet Sophy, 1999, Terre de Semences Catalogue (Translated by Marjorie Baur). Ripple Farm, Crundale, Canterbury Kent, UK.

Katzer Gernot, 1995 - 2004,  Gernot Katzer's Spice Pages.  Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.).   <
  http://www.uni-graz.at/~katzer/engl/Ocim_bas.html >.

Mabberley D.J. 1997, The Plant-Book : a Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants, 2d Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

Ooi Chooi Seng P.P.N. 2002, Ooi's Flora of Malaysiana - Version 1.0. LABIATACEAE , Mint Family (Keluarga Pudina), Dicotyledonous Plants of Malaysia (Tumbuhan-tumbuhan Dikot Malaysia. < http://flora_my-da.tripod.com/dl/0ad_labia.htm >.

Oudhia Pankaj (Dr.) 2001 - 2003, Research Notes - Indian Herbal Research & Methods. Common and popular names of Tulsi (Ocimum species) around the world in Article 80 - Major Ocimum species (Tulsi) of Chhattisgarh, India : Natural Occurrence, Traditional Medicinal Knowledge and Trade. At Botanical.com. < http://botanical.com/site/column_poudhia/poudhia_index.html >.

Pistrick K. 2001, Ocimum in IPK Gatersleben, 2002, Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops - Version 6.18. This database seems to be moving around and is hard to keep in touch with so this address may already be out of date.
< http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/mansfeld/taxonomy/search_names-mf.htm >.

Somran Suddee, 2000-2003,  A Taxonomic Revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort. (Labiatae) in continental South East Asia (Thesis). Chapter 8 : Ocimum.  Forest Herbarium (BKF). National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department -Bangkok - Thailand. < http://www.forest.go.th/Botany/main/Research/SS_thesis/Chapter5/Ocimum.htm > . (SoSu)

USDA, ARS, 2000, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxdump.pl?ocimum (13 October 2004). (A number of languages, some romanised, Latin with authority names)

Wiersema J. H. & León B. 1999, World Economic Plants : a Standard Reference. CRC Press LLC.

Xie Zongwa & Yu Youqin (Editors), 1996, Materia Medica, Chinese Terminology, Vol. 1, Renminweisheng Publishing House Beijing, China. (Latin with authority names and Chinese-simplified, text in Chinese).

 

Contributors to this page (Personal communication) : Pankaj Oudhia.

 



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Date created: 04 / 07 / 2000
Last modified: 11 / 01 / 2009
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