MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE



Sorting Raphanus names


Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) :

 

NOTES on group names

 

(FDAM) (Mrkv) (SwedMus) (GCW) (USDA) (Mansf) (NOPD) (Flcyb) (GRIN) (Pan) (MMPND) (CRDP) (Wang) (W3Trop) (LibHerb) (SavMark) (IPNI) (ISF) (Yas)

Raphanus raphanistroides (Makino) Nakai (NOPD) (Mansf)

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino fo. raphanistroides Makino, Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Baker f. raphanistroides Makino, Raphanus sativus L. f. raphanistroides Makino, Raphanus sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) Makino

CHINESE : Lan hua zi, Bin lai fu (Medicinal name).

ENGLISH : Japanese wild radish, Radish weed, Wild radish, Weedy radish.

JAPANESE :   ハ マダイコン  (Yas) Hama daikon.

KOREAN :  Mu.

 

 

Raphanus raphanistrum L. (Yas)

CHINESE : Ye luo bo.

DANISH : Kiddike.

DUTCH : Knopherik.

ENGLISH : Wild radish, Jointed charlock, Runch.

FINNISH : Peltoretikka.

FRENCH : Ravenelle, Raifort sauvage, Raveluche.

GERMAN : Ackerrettich, Acker-Rettich, Echter Hederich, Hederich.

ITALIAN : Rafano selvatico, Rafanistro.

JAPANESE :   キ バナダイコン    Kibana daikon,   セイヨウノダイコン  (Yas) Seiyou no daikon.

KOREAN :  Seo yang mu a jae bi.

RUSSIAN : Red'ka dikaia.

SPANISH : Rabanille, Rabanillo blanco, Rabaniza, Rabaniza comun, Rábano cimarron (Latin America), Rábano silvestre.

SWEDISH : Åkerrättika, Vanlig åkerrättika.

Raphanus sativus L.

ARABIC : Fijil.

BURMESE : Monla.

CHINESE : Luo bo, Luo bo (Cantonese loh paak), Lai fu, Ou zhou luo bo.

CROATIAN : Rotkva, Rotkvica.

DANISH : Raeddike.

DUTCH : Radijs.

ENGLISH : Radish.

FINNISH : Retiisi, Retikka, Ruokaretikka.

FRENCH : Radis.

GERMAN : Rettich, Garten-Rettich, Radieschen.

GREEK : Rapani.

HEBREW : Tznonit.

HINDI : Mulla, Muli.

HUNGARIAN : Retek.

ICELANDIC : Raefla.

ITALIAN : Rafano, Ravanello.

JAPANESE :    ハ ツカダイコン  (Yas) Hatsuka daikon,   ラディッシュ   (Yas) Radeisshu.

KHMER : Chhaay thaaw.

KOREAN : (NHRI) Mu.

LAOTIAN : Kaad khaaw.

MALAY : Lobak.

NORWEGIAN : Reddik.

POLISH : Rzodkiew, Rzodkiewka.

PORTUGUESE : Rabanete.

RUSSIAN : Redis posevnoi, Red'ka ogorodnaia (Red'ka ogorodnaja), Red'ka posevnaia .

SERBIAN : Rotkvica.

SLOVANIAN : Retkvica.

SPANISH : Rábano, Rabanito (Latin America).

SWEDISH : Rädisa.

TAGALOG : Labanós.

THAI : Hua phak kat khao, Ma puek (Chiang Mai), Phak kat hua (Central Thailand), Phak poek hua (Northern Thailand).

VIETNAMESE :  Củ cải , Củ dền , Radi.

 

Photograph of a root of wild radish at Wayne's Word. Economic Plant Photographs #11.

Raphanus sativus L. subsp. sativus

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus raphanistrum L. subsp. sativus (L.) Schmalh. , Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Baker, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus

ENGLISH : Cultivated radish, Cultivated radishes.

JAPANESE : Radeisshu.

VIETNAMESE :  Củ cải đỏ.

 

This should be the acceptable official name for the cultivated radish advanced by the Russian school of thought encompassing all the groups below. Others still favour "var. sativus" which seems very odd given that it is supposed to decribe a cultivated plant. "subsp. sativus" or "var. sativus" have been omitted in the following names as no doubt the trade will... in fact they probably will also drop the group names. The debate "var. " versus "subsp." is mostly academic for nobody in the trade or in the field will ever use these qualificatives.

Raphanus sativus L. (Caudatus Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus caudatus L., Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus (L.) L.H. Bailey, Raphanus sativus L. var. caudatus (L.) Vilmorin (Yas), Raphanus sativus L. var. mougri Helm

CHINESE : Shi jia luo bo, Zhao wa luo bo.

DUTCH : Slangen radijs.

ENGLISH : Rat-tailed radish, Rat's tail radish, Java radish, Edible-podded radish.

FRENCH : Radis de Madras, Radis serpent.

GERMAN : Geschwänzter Rettich, Rattenschwanzrettich, Schlangenrettich.

HINDI : Awaiting feedback.

JAPANESE :   ラッ トテールラディッシュ 　 (Yas) Ratto teeru radeisshu.

KOREAN : (NHRI) Kko tu ri yong mu.

MALAY : Awaiting feedback .

SINHALESE : Awaiting feedback .

THAI : Phakkhithut.

 

Name of uncertain origin : Mougri.

Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus sativus L. f. nigra DC.,   Raphanus sativus L. var. chinensis Gall., Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Miller) Persoon, Raphanus sativus L. var. niger (Miller) S. Kerner, Raphanus sativus L. var. niger J. Kern. (Yas)

AFRIKAAN : Swartradijs.

CHINESE : Hei luo bo, Qing luo bo.

CROATIAN : Crna rotkva.

DANISH : Grøn ræddikke, Kinaradise, Rød ræddikke, Sort ræddike, Vinterræddike.

DUTCH : Rammenas, Chinese radijs, Chinese rammenas, Groene winterradijs, Rode winterradijs.

ENGLISH : Oriental radish, Black radish, Winter radish, Spanish radish, Japanese winter radish, Chinese winter radish, Turnip radish.

FINNISH : Retikka.

FRENCH : Gros gris, Gros raifort noir, Radis d'Espagne, Radis d'hiver, Radis noir, Radis-navet, Raifort des Parisiens, Raifort cultivé.

GERMAN : Rettiche, Winterrettich.

HUNGARIAN : Réparetek.

ITALIAN : Ramolaccio, Ravanello nero, Rafano nero.

JAPANESE :   ク ロダイコン  Kuro daikon,    (Yas) Kuro daikon.

KOREAN : (NHRI) Gi leum mu (as var. chinensis), Geom cheong mu (NHRI) (as var. niger).

MALAY : Lobak.

NORWEGIAN : Vinterreddik.

PORTUGUESE : Rabão.

SPANISH : Rábano chino, Rábano negro, Rábano de invierno.

SWEDISH : Rättika.

TAMIL : Mullangi.

 

Types : Long green-fleshed green-skinned, Round green-fleshed green-skinned, Round white-fleshed red-skinned, Round white-fleshed white-skinned, Long white-fleshed black-skinned, Round white-fleshed black-skinned , Long white-fleshed brown-skinned, Long white-fleshed purple-skinned, Long white-fleshed yellow-skinned.

 

Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group) 'Long Black Spanish'

CHINESE : Hei luo bo.

DUTCH : Zwarte rammenas.

ENGLISH : Black radish, Winter radish.

FINNISH : Kiinanretiisi.

FRENCH : Gros gris, Gros raifort noir, Radis d'Espagne, Radis d'hiver, Radis noir, Radis-navet, Raifort des Parisiens, Raifort cultivé.

JAPANESE :   クロダイコン 　 Kuro daikon, Kuro daikon,    黒皮大根.

Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group) 'Red Meat'

SYNONYM(S) :   Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group) 'Red Flesh Daikon'

ENGLISH :  Red-fleshed daikon, Rose-fleshed round Japanese radish, Green-skinned round Japanese radish.

FINNISH : Kiinanretiisi 'Red Meat'.

JAPANESE :  コウシンダイコン  Koushin daikon,   紅芯大根    Koushin daikon.



Photographs  by Tsurusin.

Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group) 'Japanese Round Green'

ENGLISH :  Japanese round green daikon, Round green-fleshed daikon.

Raphanus sativus L. (Longipinnatus Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus sativus L. (Japonicus Group) , Raphanus sativus L. subsp. acanthiformis (Blanch.) A. K. Stankevich , Raphanus sativus L. subsp. acanthiformis (Morel) A. K. Stankevich, Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino, Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Baker f. acanthiformis Makino , Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus L.H. Bailey (Yas)

CHINESE : Chang yu lie luo bo , Chang luo bo , Chang luo bo, Bai luo bo, Lai fu, Chang yu ye luo bo (Medicinal name), Lai fu zi (Medicinal name).

DANISH : Japanræddike, Kinaræddike.

DUTCH : Chinese radijs, Japanse rammenas, Winterradijs.

ENGLISH : Oriental radish, Japanese white radish, Chinese radish, Giant white radish, Mooli, Radis oriental, True daikon.

FINNISH :  Daikonrättika,  Japaninretikka.

FRENCH : Daikon vrai, Navet chinois, Radis blanc du Japon, Radis blanc d'Asie.

GERMAN : China-Rettich, Winterrettich.

HINDI : Muulii.

JAPANESE :   ダ イコン  (Yas) Daikon, Daikon, Shiro daikon (should be Chinensis Group).

KOREAN : (NHRI) Mu u, (NHRI) Mu u kkot.

MALAY : Lobak putih.

PORTUGUESE : Rabano, Rabanete-branco-chinês (Brazil), Rabanete-chinês (Brazil), Rábano daikon (Brazil).

RUSSIAN : Daikon.

SPANISH : Rábano blanco, Rábano japonés, Daikon (Argentina).

URDU : Muulii.

VIETNAMESE :  Củ cải trắng (Daikon), Củ cải trắng còn non (Young daikon), Củ cải trắng đã già  (Mature daikon).

Types : Extra long white-fleshed white-skinned, Long white-fleshed white-skinned, Round white-fleshed white-skinned.

 

Photograph of a root of Daikon at Wayne's Word. Economic Plant Photographs #11.


Raphanus sativus L. (Longipinnatus Group) 'Japanese Long Green'

ENGLISH :  Japanese long green daikon, Long green-fleshed daikon.

JAPANESE :   青長大根   Ao naga daikon, 江都青長大根  Kouto ao naga daikon, こうとあおなが  Kouto ao naga daikon.


Photograph  by Tsurusin.


Raphanus sativus L. (Longipinnatus Group) 'Sakurajima'

ENGLISH :  Sakurajima daikon, Sakurajima island giant radish, Giant daikon, Jumbo daikon (USA).

JAPANESE : Sakurajima daikon.

 


Raphanus sativus L. (Radicula Group)

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus sativus L. (Hortensis Group), Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Baker, Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers., , Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula DC.

CHINESE : Ou zhou luo bo, Hong luo bo zi (Cantonese Hung loh paak tsai).

DANISH : Radise.

DUTCH : Radijs.

ENGLISH : European radish, French radish, Cultivated radish, Small-rooted radish, Spring radish, Summer radish.

FINNISH : Retikka, Retiisi, Ruokaretikka.

FRENCH : Radis d'été, Petit radis, Radis rose.

GERMAN : Garten-Rettich, Monatsrettich, Radieschen.

HUNGARIAN : Hónapos retek.

ITALIAN : Ravanello.

JAPANESE : (Yas) Hatsuka daikon, Radeisshu, Hatsuka daikon.

KOREAN : (NHRI) Il mu, 래디쉬.

MALAY : Lobak berem, Rades (Java).

NORWEGIAN : Månedsreddik.

PORTUGUESE : Rabanete, Rabanetes escarlates.

SPANISH : Rabanito, Rabanillo.

SUNDANESE : Lobak berem.

SWEDISH : Rädisa, Rättika.

VIETNAMESE :  Củ cải đỏ (red radish), Radi.

Types : Long white-fleshed red-skinned, Round white-fleshed red-skinned (cherry type), Round white-fleshed white-skinned, Long white-fleshed white-skinned (icycle), Round white-fleshed purple-skinned (plum type), Semi-long white-fleshed yellow-skinned, Semi-long red-skinned white tip (French breakfast type).

 

Photograph of a root of European summer radish at Wayne's Word. Economic Plant Photographs #11.

Photographs of several common types of summer radishes at Botany.com

Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino -> Raphanus sativus L. (Longipinnatus Group)

 

Raphanus sativus L. var. acanthiformis Makino fo. raphanistroides Makino

ENGLISH : Radish weed, Wild radish, Weedy radish.

JAPANESE : Hama daikon.

 

Most likely a synonym of Raphanus raphanistroides (Makino) Nakai (NOPD) (Mansf)

Raphanus sativus L. var. niger J. Kern. A -> Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group) (in parts)

 

Raphanus sativus L. var. niger J. Kern. A -> Raphanus sativus L. (Longipinnatus Group) In parts. According to many authors but something has got to be missing (see notes below).

 

Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Stokes

AFRIKAAN : Voerradijs.

ARABIC : Fijil alafi.

CHINESE : Si liao luo bo, You yong luo bo.

DANISH : Olieraeddike.

DUTCH : Bladramenas.

ENGLISH : Fodder radish, Oil radish, Oilseed radish.

FINNISH : Öljyretikka.

FRENCH : Radis fourrager, Radis oléifère, Radis oléagineux.

GERMAN : Ölrettich.

HUNGARIAN : Olajretek.

ITALIAN : Rafano da foraggio.

PORTUGUESE : Nabo-forrageiro (Brazil), Rábano-de-azeite, Rábano-forrageiro.

SERBIAN : Uljevna rotkva.

SLOVANIAN : Krmna redkev.

SPANISH : Rábano oleaginoso.

SWEDISH : Foderrättika.

TURKISH : Kestane turbu.

Raphanus sativus L. var. raphanistroides (Makino) Makino

SYNONYM(S) : Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis Baker f. raphanistroides Makino, Raphanus sativus L. f. raphanistroides Makino

CHINESE : Lan hua zi, Bin lai fu (Medicinal name).

ENGLISH : Radish weed, Wild radish, Weedy radish.

JAPANESE : (Yas) Hama daikon.

 

NOTES
on cultivar groups of radishes


1.  Some radishes are so pungent that they are confused with horseradish.

1.1.  One is known as the Chinese black radish or Black Spanish radish. Curiously only the long-rooted form, not the turnip-rooted form is considered.
Raphanus sativus L. (Chinensis Group) 'Long Black Spanish'.
Gros raifort noir, Gros gris, Raifort, Raifort cultivé,  Raifort des jardins, Raifort des Parisiens, Rave des Parisiens.
See photograph  at the French site Chez Marie :  < chezmarie.nuxit.net/plantes/radis.htm >.


1. 2.   The other  is described as a wild radish and given the name (probably not valid) Raphanus sativus L. var. campestris hort.  It is not formally recognized by taxonomists, broadly speaking it could be included into the Hortensis group on account of its European origin whilst closer to the winter types (Chinese group) due to its pungent taste and large size. It is well known in France but hardly spoken of elsewhere.
Its French names are Raifort champètre, Raifort de l'Ardèche. It is less pungent than the common horseradish and is propagated by seed rather than by root cuttings.
Photographs at Graines Caillard, and Graines Fabre, France.
Tech. notes (Graines Caillard): < www.graines-caillard.com/voir-potagers.asp?ID=317 >.
(Graines Fabre) < www.fabre-graines.com/index.php?reference=771 >
Photograph of root: < http://www.graines-caillard.com/images/potager/large/709830.jpg >.


2.   I have come to the conclusion that no classification will ever satisfy every botanist and every grower of radishes. In an attempt to redress the inadequacies of the botanical classifications of the past, modern scientists are adopting the cultivar-group as a substitute to the complicated latin combinations of the past, but limiting oneself to one group (without any sub-group) cannot possibly satisfy all possibilities. Let us examine 3 possible sets and see where they fail to satisfy as meaningful grouping.

2.1.  Based on time elapsed between sowing and harvesting.

1. 20 to 25 days
2. 40 to 60 days
3. 60 days +
European radish
Chinese radish
Chinese radish
Small radish
Japanese radish
Japanese radish
Summer radish
Daikon
Winter radish
Spring radish
All season radish
Oriental radish

Winter radish
Daikon

2. 2. Based on origin and main region of cultivation

I would like to propose group names based on botanical Latin used in the past primarily so that people see a continuity in official names and secondly so that non-English people do not feel frustrated if their language is disregarded in favour of English. This may sound too politically correct to some but it makes sense. The main point I would like to put forward is that the Japanese Daikon (also a Chinese radish but better known as a Japanese vegetable the world over due to the extensive breeding work carried out in Japan, its enormous domestic consumption and its wide promotion abroad), with its hundreds of cultivars, its sweet roots ranging from 50cm to 1m long and 1m in diameter as is the case with the Sakurajima daikon, is in a class of its own and as such needs its own group name, Japonicus being a suggestion as good as any. This seems the most practical and almost in line with L.V. Sazonova (in Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR, 18: 211 - 1985). In Sazonova demarcations the Japanese radishes belong to the South Chinese group as opposed to the North Chinese group and the European group. the var. niger seemingly the favourite these days is a little misleading in general but especially when applied to the Japanese daikon which never counts a single black root among hundreds of cultivars.

1. (Hortensis Group)
2. (Chinensis Group)
Pungent types
3. (Japonicus Group)
Sweet-fleshed types
European radish
Chinese radish
Chinese radish
Small radish
Japanese radish
Japanese radish
Spring radish
Daikon
Winter daikon
Summer radish
All season radish
Summer daikon

Spanish black radish
Oriental radish

2. 3. Based on botanical classifications of the past (still relevant when consulting some reference books) but not really good enough.

1. var. radicula Pers.
2. var. niger (Miller) Pers.
3. var. longipinnatus L.H. Bailey
forma micranthus Uechtr.
var. niger (Miller) J. Kern.
var. oblongus DC.
forma alba
var. longipinnatus L.H. Bailey
forma bicolor
var. oblongus DC.
forma rubra
var. rotundus DC.

forma niger

IN CONCLUSION : Because I refuse to believe that the true Japanese daikon is the same as the "Black Spanish winter radish" or the Chinese long green radish", I have proposed some group names for each of those, purely for the sake of separating the groups of common names. In the future taxonomists will have to come up with a distinctive epithet or an official group name to separate each of those from the others. A natural plant that can grow a smooth-white-skinned root with a sweet flesh of up to a meter in diameter cannot be labelled with the same words that would describe a similar plant but with an average-sized rough black skinned-root with the pungency of horseradish, nor with a green-fleshed or red-fleshed small radish from Japan or China. Taxonomists the ball is in your court !

This table from the Northern Ontario Plant Database. < http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/chklst.cfm?speciesid=1004694 > takes the cake for simplification. If all these names are synonyms then there is only one taxon, wait a minute ! really ?


REFERENCES
General Bibliography
+
REFERENCES
Complementary / Specific
 

EURODICAUTOM 2000, Multilingual Terminological Database, European Commission Translation Service. (12 languages of the European Community). < http://eurodic.ip.lu/cgi-bin/edicbin/EuroDicWWW.pl >

FLORA EUROPEA 1998, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom. < http://www.rbge.org.uk/forms/fe >

Hô Pham-Hoang, 1991, An Illustrated Flora of Vietnam, Set 1, Vol. 2, p.765.

Kerguélen Michel 1999, Index Synonymique de la Flore de France, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. < http://www.inra.fr/malherbo/fdf/accueil.htm >

Kress Henriette, 1995-2004, Plant name database. Henriette's Herbal Homepage. < http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/php/index.php >. Mostly scandinavian names.

Mabberley D.J. 1997, The Plant-Book : a Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants, 2d Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

NHRI, 2004, National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI). Rural Development Administration (RDA). Republic of Korea. < http://www.nhri.go.kr/ddd/crop/vegetable/%EB%AC%B4.htm >. (NHRI)

NOPD, 2004, Northern Ontario Plant Database. < http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/chklst.cfm?speciesid=1004694 > (NOPD)

Sazonova L.V. 1974, in Bull. Apl. Bot. Genet. and Plant Breed., 45,42 - 1974.

Sazonova L.V. 1985, in Kulturnaya Fl. SSSR, 18: 211 - 1985.

Schütz & Kanomata, 2003, Vegetables - Hortigranjeiros. Glossário Sobre Verduras e Legumes. < http://www.sk.com.br/sk-veget.html >.

USDA, ARS, 2000, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxdump.pl?citrus (20 January 2000). (A number of languages, some romanised, Latin with authority names)

Wiersema J. H. & León B. 1999, World Economic Plants : a Standard Reference. CRC Press LLC.

Yasue (Prof.), 2004, Online Plant Album, Miyagi University of Education, Japan. <http://plant.csr.miyakyo-u.ac.jp/ >. (Yas)

 

 

Contributors to this page (Personal communication) : Awaiting feedback

 


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Date created: 25 / 02 / 1995
Last modified: 09 / 12 / 2008
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