Species on this page ( A = names approved by most authorities, s = approved as synonyms) :

• Panicum alopecuroides L. -> Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng.
• Panicum antidotale Retz. A
• Panicum attenuatum Willd. -> Panicum miliare Lam.
• Panicum brevifolium L.
• Panicum bulbosum Kunth
• Panicum caffrorum Retz. -> Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Caffrorum Group)
• Panicum capillare L.
• Panicum colonum L. -> Echinochloa colona (L.) Link
• Panicum coloratum L.
• Panicum coloratum L. var. coloratum
• Panicum compactum Sw. -> Lasiacis compacta Hitchc.
• Panicum contractum Wight & Arn. ex Nees -> Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase
• Panicum crus-galli L. -> Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.
• Panicum crus-galli L. var. frumentaceum (Roxb.) Trimen -> Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link
• Panicum crus-galli L. var. mitis Pursh. -> Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link var. mitis (Pursh.) Peterm.
• Panicum dichotomiflorum (L.) Michx.
• Panicum divaricatum L. -> Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitchc.
• Panicum elephantipes Nees
• Panicum esculentum A.Braun -> Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. frumentacea (Link) W. Wight
• Panicum fasciculatum Sw. -> Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D. Webster
• Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. -> Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link
• Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. var. compactum Skvortsov
• Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. var. elongatum Skvortsov
• Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. var. frumentaceum
• Panicum hemitomon Schult.
• Panicum indicum (L.) L. -> Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase
• Panicum ischaemum Schreb. -> Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.
• Panicum italicum L. -> Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
• Panicum laevifolium Hack. -> Panicum schinzii Hack.
• Panicum lineare Krock. -> Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl.
• Panicum maximum Jacq. A
• Panicum miliaceum L. A
• Panicum miliaceum L. (Proso Millet Group)
• Panicum miliaceum L. convar. compactum Koernicke
• Panicum miliaceum L. convar. contractum Alefeld
• Panicum miliaceum L. convar. effusum Alefeld -> Panicum miliaceum L. var. effusum Alef.
• Panicum miliaceum L. cv. 'Aureum' Alef.
• Panicum miliaceum L. cv. 'Sanguineum' Alef.
• Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. agricola (Scholz & Mikolás
• Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. miliaceum sensu Tsvelev
• Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev
• Panicum miliaceum L. var. effusum Alef.
• Panicum miliaceum L. var. flavum Schur
• Panicum miliaceum L. var. ruderale Kitag. -> Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev
• Panicum miliare auct. non Lam. -> Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
• Panicum miliare Lam. -> Panicum antidotale Retz.
• Panicum molle Sw. s -> Urochloa mollis (Sw.) Morrone & Zuloaga A
• Panicum montanum Roxb. -> Panicum notatum Retz.
• Panicum notatum Retz.
• Panicum oaxacense Steud. -> Lasiacis oaxacensis (Steud.) Hitchc.
• Panicum ovale Elliott -> Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.A.Clark
• Panicum proliferum Lam. -> Panicum antidotale Retz.
• Panicum ramosum L.  ->  Urochloa ramosa (L.) T. Q. Nguyen
• Panicum repens L.
• Panicum ruderale (Kitag.) Chang -> Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev
• Panicum sanguinale L. -> Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
• Panicum schinzii Hack
• Panicum spontaneum Lysov ex Zuk. -> Panicum miliaceum L. subsp. ruderale (Kitag.) Tzvelev
• Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
• Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. psilopodium (Trin.) Wet
• Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. sumatrense
• Panicum virgatum L.
• Panicum viride L. -> Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. subsp. viridis
• Panicum viride L. var. italica L. -> Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.
• Panicum violaceum Lam. -> Pennisetum violaceum (Lam.) Rich.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum proliferum Lam., Panicum miliare Lam.

ENGLISH : Blue panic grass, Blue panic (Aust.), Giant panic grass.

FRENCH : Panic bleu.

GUJARATI : Dasaghaas, Dun, Dusaghaas (Dusghas), Dusto.

HINDI : Bansi, Ghemor, Gunaaraa, Jamur, Gramna (other language from India ?).

PUNJABI : Ghaamruur, Ghamur, Gharam.

RUSSIAN : Proso protivoiadnoe.

SINHALESE : Krimisastru.

SPANISH : Pánico azul.

TAMIL : Nassiampillu, Pinisupillu.

Possibly a synonym of Panicum miliare

CHINESE : Duan ye shu.

ENGLISH : Short-leaved panicgrass.

MALAY : Rumput sarang semut.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum plenum Hitchc. & Chase

CHINESE : Lin tai ji.

ENGLISH : Bulbous panic (Australia), Turnip grass (USA).

SPANISH : Maíz de cuervo (South America).

CHINESE : Mao xian ji.

DANISH : Hårfin hirse.

DUTCH : Draadgierst, Draadvingergras.

ENGLISH : Witchgrass.

ESTONIAN : Jõhvhirss.

FINNISH : Hapsihirssi.

FRENCH : Panic capillaire.

GERMAN : Haarästige Hirse, Haarstiel-Hirse.

ITALIAN : Panico capillare.

JAPANESE : Hana kusa kibi.

POLISH : Proso wosowate.

SPANISH : Mijo capilar.

SWEDISH : Buketthirs.

ENGLISH : Coolah grass (Aust.), Small buffalo grass, White buffalo grass.

DANISH : Boeffelgraes.

DUTCH : Buffelgras.

ENGLISH : Coloured Guinea grass, White buffalo grass.

FINNISH : Puhveliheinä.

FRENCH : Herbe aux bisons, Hijé (Africa).

GERMAN : Buffelgras, Bisongras, Buntes Guineagras.

PORTUGUESE : Capím-macaricam.

SPANISH : Pasto bufalo, Pasto colorado, Hierba de bufalo.

SWEDISH : Buffelgräs.

CHINESE : Yang ye shu.

ENGLISH : Fall panicum (USA), Fall panic grass, Spreading panic grass.

FRENCH : Panic dichotome, Panic d'automne (Canada).

GERMAN : Spätblühende Hirse.

ITALIAN : Panico delle risaie.

JAPANESE : Oo kusa kibi.

SPANISH : Pasto colchón (Argentina).

SWEDISH : Hösthirs.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum fistulosum Hochst. ex Steud.

PORTUGUESE : Capim-canudinho (Brazil), Capim da praia (Brazil).

SYNONYM(S) : Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D. Webster, Brachiaria fasciculata (Sw.) Parodi

ENGLISH : Browntop signalgrass.

SPANISH : Milha roxa.

SWEDISH : Knipphirs.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum hemitomon J.A.Schultes

ENGLISH : Maidencane, Pifine grass.

FRENCH : Panic érigé.

Photographs at Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants - University of Florida - USA.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum jumentorum A.Rich., Panicum maximum L.

ARABIC : Hhash el gînâ.

CHINESE : Da shu, Yang cao.

ENGLISH : Guinea grass, Hamilgrass, Green panic grass.

ESTONIAN : Suur hirss.

FRENCH : Herbe de Guinée, Panic élevé.

GERMAN : Guineagras.

ITALIAN : Erba di Guinea.

HINDI : Giiniigaas, Gini ghaus.

JAPANESE : Ginea kibi.

KANNADA : Gini hullu.

MALAY : Rumput sarang sesak, Rumput benggala (Indonesia), Rumput gajah (Indonesia).

NEPALESE : Gini ghans.

PORTUGUESE : Capim-colonião (Brazil), Capim de Angola (Brazil)..

RUSSIAN : Proso mnogoletnee.

SINHALESE : Ratatana.

SPANISH : Hierba de India (Venezuela), Pasto Guinea, Mijo de Guinea, Gatton panic (Argentina).

TAMIL : Giniopilli.

TURKISH : Güyana otu.

Good line drawing of details from Texas University Bioinformatics Working Group.

Photographs of habitat & inflorescences by Gerald D. Carr at Vascular Plant Families - Photographic collections, Botany Department, University of Hawaii.

ARABIC : Dukhn, Dhurah hhamrâ'.

ENGLISH : Millet panic.

ESTONIAN : Harilik hirss.

FRENCH : Panic millet, Mil, Millet commun, Millet cultivé.

GERMAN : Echte Hirse.

ITALIAN : Panico miglio, Panico coltivato (Switzerland), Miglio nostrano (Switzerland).

NEPALESE : Cino, Cinu, Thulo kaguno.

RUSSIAN : Proso posevnoe.

TURKISH : Cavers.

Photographs + description (in French), photograph of seeds from Centre ARICO, Direction des Services Technologiques MAPAQ, Québec, Canada. Fiches Descriptives des Mauvaises Herbes du Québec (Extracts from the Guide d'Identification des Mauvaises Herbes du Québec).

CHINESE : Ji, Shu.

DANISH : Ægte hirse, Hirse.

DUTCH : Pluimgierst, Trosgierst, Vogelgierst.

ENGLISH : Proso millet, Indian millet, True millet, Broom millet, Hog millet, Broomcorn millet, Common millet.

ESTONIAN : Harilik hirss.

FINNISH : Hirssi, Viljahirssi.

FRENCH : Millet commun, Millet des oiseaux, Grand millet, Mil, Panis violet ?

GERMAN : Rispenhirse, Echte Hirse, Gewöhnliche Rispenhirse.

GUJARATI : Ciinaa.

HINDI : Chenaa, China, Cinaa, Ciinaa.

ITALIAN : Miglio comune, Miglio nostrale, Miglio.

JAPANESE : Kibi.

POLISH : Proso zwyczajne.

PORTUGUESE : Milho miúdo, Milho painço.

PUNJABI : Chenaa, China, Chinii, Ciinaa.

RUSSIAN : Proso obyknovennoe, Proso posevnoe.

SPANISH : Mijo común, Mijo mayor, Mijo, Proso, Millo.

TAMIL : Panivaragu, Varagu.

TELUGU : Waaraagaalu.

SINHALESE : Mainairi.

SWEDISH : Hirs.

Photograph of seed colour variations of Proso millet in Canada.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum miliaceum L. var. ruderale Kitagawa, Panicum ruderale (Kitag.) Chang, Panicum spontaneum Lysov ex Zuk.

CHINESE : Ye sheng ji, Ye sheng ji cao (as P. spontaneum).

ENGLISH : Wild millet, Wild proso millet.

GERMAN : Wilde Rispenhirse.

RUSSIAN : Proso sornoe (as P. spontaneum).

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum miliaceum L. convar. effusum Alef., Panicum effusum R. Br.

CHINESE : San zhi ji.

ENGLISH : Hairy panic.

RUSSIAN : Proso razvesistoe.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum attenuatum Willd.

BENGALI : Gondula.

HINDI : Kungu, Kutakii, Saanvaa.

KANNADA : Bilisamaihullu, Shaamaaii.

MALAYALAM : Shama.

ORIYA : Luniva.

PUNJABI : Kudkii (possibly a transcription error), Kutakii.

RUSSIAN : Proso melkoe.

SINHALESE : Meneri.

TAMIL : Chamai, Perusamai, Samai, Shamai.

TELUGU : Chamaalu, Gangasamalu, Nallachamalu, Nellashama, Nellashamalu, Sani, Savai.

According to R. Fritsch, in Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, this would be a synonym of Panicum sumatrense or to be more precise Panicum sumatrense subsp. sumatrense. According to Wiersema & others it would be a synonym of Panicum antidotale. Both are correct to some extent, the point of dispute is the authority name attached to P. miliare. One gets the feeling when looking at the names from India that Panicum sumatrense subsp. sumatrense could be the correct synonym. So did Lamarck get it wrong or did other authors confused the issue by calling P. miliare what should have been Panicum antidotale ?

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum molle Griseb. nom. illeg., Panicum molle Michx. nom. illeg., Brachiaria mollis (Sw.) L. Parodi, Urochloa mollis (Sw.) Morrone & Zuloaga

DANISH : Paragraes.

DUTCH : Kaladjana, Paragras.

ENGLISH : Para grass.

FINNISH : mauritiuksenheinä.

FRENCH : Herbe de Para.

GERMAN : Paragras.

SPANISH : Hierba de Para, Malojillo, Pasto Para, Zacate corredor (Mexico).

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum montanum Roxb.

MALAY : Rumput bambu (Indonesia).

NEPALESE : Rakte.

CHINESE : Zhao di shu.

ENGLISH : Marsh panic grass, Swamp panic.

FRENCH : Panic des marais.

CHINESE : Pu di shu.

ENGLISH : Torpedo grass, Victoria grass, Couch panicum.

FRENCH : Panic rampant, Millet rampant.

GERMAN : Kriechende Hirse.

JAPANESE : Hai kibi.

MALAY : Rumput telur ikan, Rumput jaé-jaé (Java), Lampoyangan(Indonesia), Lampuyangan (Indonesia), Lempuyang (Indonesia).

SPANISH : Canota.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum sarmentosum Benth. ?

CHINESE : Da fu jing shu.

MALAY : Rumput sarang puyuh.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum laevifolium Hack.

DUTCH : Gladbladige gierst.

ENGLISH : Smooth-leaved panicgrass, Transvaal millet, Land grass (South Africa).

FRENCH : Panic à feuilles lisses.

GERMAN : Glattblättrige Hirse, Südafrikanische Hirse.

ITALIAN : Panico a foglie liscie.

SPANISH : Mijo de hojas lisas.

SWEDISH : Transvalhirs.

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum miliare auct. non Lam.

ENGLISH : Little millet, Blue panic.

FRENCH : Millet indien, Petit panic, Petit millet.

GERMAN : Kleine Hirse, Kutkihirse.

ITALIAN : Piccolo miglio a spiga.

TAMIL : Samai.

TURKISH : Küçük cavers.

Possibly a synonym of Panicum miliare

SYNONYM(S) : Panicum psilopodium Trin.

ENGLISH : Wild Indian millet.

FRENCH : Millet indien sauvage.

HINDI : Chiire kutakii.

ENGLISH : Cultivated Indian millet.

FRENCH : Millet indien cultivé.

HINDI : Kutakii (Kutki), Mutki.

RUSSIAN : Proso melkoe (as P. miliare), Proso prosianoe (as P. miliare).

Due to the taxonomical confusion many common names of Panicum miliare may apply to this subsp.

ARABIC : Afezu, Merkba, Morkuba, Morukba, Thomam, Tumam.

FRENCH : Panic du Sahara.

CHINESE : Liu zhi ji.

ENGLISH : Blackwell switch grass, Switchgrass.

ESTONIAN : Vitshirss.

FRENCH : Panic érigé, Panic vierge.

GERMAN : Rutenhirse.

RUSSIAN : Proso loznoe.

SWEDISH : Jungfruhirs.

Photograph of whole plant from University of Illinois.

Photograph of seed head from University of Illinois.

Aeschimann (Dr.) et Heitz (Dr.). Index Synonymique de la Flore de Suisse et Territoires Limitrophes. Centre du Réseau Suisse de Floristique (CRSF). Common names, botanically indexed : < http://wwwcjb.unige.ch/rsf/sisf/index_2/frameset.htm >. (French, German, Italian).

Bilder ur Nordens Flora Index Swedish / Latin linked to descriptions in Swedish and illustrations. < http://www.lysator.liu.se/runeberg/nordflor/alfindex.html >

Den Virtuella Floran 1996 to 2000, Naturhistoriska Riskmuseet. Maintained by Arne Anderberg. < http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/welcome.html > Indexes in Swedish or Latin, Search engine available.

EURODICAUTOM, On-line Technical Dictionary in 12 languages provided by the European Commission < http://eurodic.echo.lu/cgi-bin/edicbin/EuroDicWWW.pl?page=expert > (Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Latin with authority names)

Freedman Robert, 1998, Famine Foods
< http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/FamineFoods/ff_home.html >

I.P.N.I. 2003, International Plant Name Index < http://www.ipni.org/ >.

I.S.T.A. 1982, A Multilingual Glossary of Common Plant-Names. I. Field Crops, Grasses & Vegetables, Second Edition, International SeedTesting Association, Zurich, Switzerland.

Kerguélen Michel, 1999, Index Synonymique de la Flore de France, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. < http://www.inra.fr/Internet/Centres/Dijon/malherbo/fdf/accueil1.htm >

Mabberley D.J. 1997, The Plant-Book : a Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants, 2d Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

Mansfeld's World Database of Agricultural & Horticultural Crops. Free Version, IPK Gatersleben 2002. < http://mansfeld.ipk-gatersleben.de/mansfeld/Query.htm >

SPESIES RUMPAI YANG TERDAPAT DI MALAYSIA, 1996, Famili Gramineae.
< http://www.lib.usm.my/elecbook/rumpai/lampiran.html >

USDA, ARS, 2000, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxdump.pl?panicum (21 August 2000). (A number of languages, some romanised, Latin with authority names)

Wiersema J. H. & León B. 1999, World Economic Plants : a Standard Reference. CRC Press LLC.

Xie Zongwa & Yu Youqin (Editors), 1996, Materia Medica, Chinese Terminology, Vol. 1, Renminweisheng Publishing House Beijing, China. (Latin with authority names and Chinese-simplified, text in Chinese).

Contributors to this page (Personal communication) : In progress.

Carr Gerald D. Vascular Plant Families - Photographic collections, Botany Department, University of Hawaii. < http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/default.htm >. Index of Poaceae / Gramineae at < http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/po.htm > includes names, descriptions & thumbnail photos linked to larger shots.

Farmers' Rights Information Service , M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, provide a brief background on the Diversity of Millets, including common and little millet (in English) < http://www.mssrf.org/Fris9809/index.html > . Background of many cultivars / groups and photographs are given on linked pages. < http://www.mssrf.org/Fris9809/kolli-millets-3.html >.

Date created: 10 / 01 / 1999
Authorised by Prof. Snow Barlow
Last modified: 12 / 10 / 2003
Access: No restriction
Copyright © 1997 - 2003 The University of Melbourne.
Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher,
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